Domain: Eukarya Kingdom:

1. Domain: EukaryaKingdom: FUNGI

2. Fungi overview • Basic Characteristics • Important ecologically • Phyletic groups • Lichen and Mutualism • Amy’s little tidbits of “wisdom”

3. Basic Characteristics • Heterotrophic absorbers • Saprophytes • Some unicellular but others multicellular with hyphae • Hyphae divided by septum • Chitinous cell walls • Filaments make up mycelium • Rhizoids anchor • Sexual and Asexual reproduction

4. Sexual and Asexual reproduction • Sexual • Three phases: • Plasmogamy = N + N • Karyogamy  2N • Mieosis 2N ÷ • Asexual • Spores from sporangia and specialized hyphal cells called conidia • Fragmentation • Dispersal by air or water

5. Ecological Importance Present everywhere • Many lifestyles • Decomposers • Symbionts • Pathogens • Parasites • Medicinal uses

6. Common food spoilage Decomposers Rust

7. Phyletic groups • Four phyletic groups • Chytridomycota • Zygomycota • Ascomycota • Basidiomycota • One polyphyletic group • Deuteromycetes

8. Chytridiomycota • Predominately aquatic • Glycogen stores • Coenocytic • Motile cells gametes and zoospores • Anchoring rhizoids • Pathogens and saprophytes Coenocyticmembrane- many nuclei, but no partitions in between the cells NUCLEUS CELLS

9. Zygomycota • Zygosporangia and zygospores • Coenocytic hyphae • Streaming cytoplasm • Pathogens • Parasites, saprophytes, symbionts with endomicrorhyzae Rhizopus sporangium

10. Zygomycota: Bread molds… mmm

11. Ascomycota“sac fungi” • 75% of fungi • Ascus, ascopsores • Dikaryotic hyphae • Ascogonium and antheridium • Molds, yeasts, edible truffles • Lichens

12. Up close and personal with the Ascus Ascospores Asci

13. More Asci fun!!! Why are there 8 ascospores in each ascus?

14. Ascomycota Lifecycle

15. Basidiomycota • Basidiospores and basidium • 37% of true fungi • Most recognizable • Edible • Molds, smuts • Symbionts, parasitic • Sori: pack of spores

16. Cross section of basidioma Hyphae stalk Spores Gills

17. Gill Basidiospores A close-up of a Basidiomycota gill and clusters of basidospores This is part of the sexual reproduction before karyogamy

18. Deuteromycetes“The imperfect fungi” • Life cycles unknown or lost • Penicillin, athletes foot, ring worm • Reproduction by conidia • Most like Ascomycota • terrestrial, free living saprobes, parasitic

19. Lichens: I’m Lichen It! • Ms. Algae and Mr. Fungi got together and started to Lichen each other. But soon, their relationship was on the Rocks! Seriously Folks…… • Important Symbiotic Relationship • Algae Photosynthesize • Fungi Absorb Nutrients, Protection, Anchorage Function • First Step in Erosion Soil Makers • Crustose, Foilose, Fruticose Shapes • AMAZING REGENERATIVE PROPERTIES Fruticose lichen

20. Mutualistic Relationships • Mycorrhizae: “Fungi Root” • Form Relationships with Plants to Increase Water Uptake! • Mycorrihizae Fungi Also Protect Plant from pathogenic Fungi and Nematodes • In exchange, Fungi receive food as payment • Very Important For Plants’ Survival

21. Amy’s Little Tidbits of Wisdom • Mushrooms are yummy • Edible mushrooms aren’t in your backyard… only in the stores • Why is the bread green?

22. Truffles are not chocolate

23. If you see a fairy ring… dance inside (don’t eat).

24. The Fungals:Anne, Amybeth, Allison The Triple ‘A’ Threat! Coming to a lab near you!! Yes, I mean you. You are reading this aren’t you?