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Cancer: The Clinical and Diagnostic Approach

Cancer: The Clinical and Diagnostic Approach. John P. Gobetti, D.D.S., M.S. Oral Medicine/Diagnosis Section Dept. of Oral Medicine, Pathology, Oncology University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078 (734) 763-3375 or (734) 764-1543 e-mail: jgobetti@umich.edu.

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Cancer: The Clinical and Diagnostic Approach

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  1. Cancer: The Clinical and Diagnostic Approach John P. Gobetti, D.D.S., M.S. Oral Medicine/Diagnosis Section Dept. of Oral Medicine, Pathology, Oncology University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078 (734) 763-3375 or (734) 764-1543 e-mail: jgobetti@umich.edu

  2. Cancer Facts • 1.4 million new cases diagnosed every year • 29,000 oral cavity/pharynx • 19,000 men and 10,000 women. • 7,300 deaths, 4,910 men and 2,410 women. • Higher number of deaths than Hodgkin’s Disease, and cervix, brain, and thyroid cancer.

  3. Oral Cavity/Pharynx Cancers • Highest incidence/mortality rates in African Americans. • Five year survival rate 56%. • Majority are squamous cell carcinomas. • Ventrolateral border tongue • Floor of mouth • Lip • pharynx

  4. Oral Cavity/Pharynx Cancers cont’d • 90% in people 45 years and older. • Average age of diagnosis 60 years old. • Most cases attributed to tobacco use. • Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco

  5. Oral Cavity/Pharynx Cancerscont’d • Other risk factor includes: • Human papilloma virus (HPV) • Low consumption of fruits/vegetables • Long-term sun exposure, lip cancer • Chronic alcohol use

  6. National Health Objectives – Healthy People 2010 • Reduces oropharyngeal cancer rate. • Increased early detection. • Increased availability of oral cancer examinations. • American cancer society recommends: - annual oral cancer examination at 40 years old and older. - three year oral cancer examination 20 to 39 years old. • Only 13% of those 40 and older reported oral cancer examination (1994).

  7. Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer • Signs and symptoms include: • Sores that do not heal • Lumps on lip, mouth, or throat • White and/or red patches • Unusual bleeding, pain, or numbness in mouth • Sore throat that does not go away • Difficulty or pain with chewing/swallowing

  8. Survival Rates • 1 year – 81% • 5 years – 59% • 10 years – 44% • 15% of newly diagnosed oropharyngeal cancers will have another cancer in nearby areas, larynx, digestive systems, or lungs. • 10 to 40% develop a second oral cancer or cancer in associated organs.

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