DNA National Workshop Belmopan 4 & 5 November 2010 Carlos Fuller Deputy Director

1. DNA National WorkshopBelmopan4 & 5 November 2010 Carlos FullerDeputy Director The Status of the Climate Change Negotiations and Implications for the CDM

2. The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre • Endorsed by the CARICOM Heads of Government in July 2002 • An intergovernmental specialized agency of CARICOM with an independent management that is guided by • The CARICOM Council of Trade and Economic Development (COTED) on policy matters. • A board of directors with responsibility for strategic planning. • A technical secretariat headed by an Executive Director with responsibility for tactical planning. • The Centre is mandated to coordinate the regional response to climate change and its efforts to manage and adapt to its projected impacts. • The Centre possesses full juridical personality. • Financially independent • Operational since January 2004 • Located in Belmopan, Belize

3. Members • Antigua and Barbuda • Bahamas • Barbados • Belize • Dominica • Grenada • Guyana • Haiti • Jamaica • Suriname • Saint Lucia • St. Kitts and Nevis • St. Vincent & the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago

4. Functional Organogram

5. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) • Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system…within a timeframe sufficient to allow eco-systems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”

6. UNFCCC – Developed Countries • Commitment - To return individually or jointly to their 1990 levels of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2000 • In fact, their emissions have risen

7. UNFCCC • Belize signed in 1992 • Belize ratified in 1994 • Convention came into force on 21 March 1994 • At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established to draft an agreement to strengthen developed country commitments • 8 negotiating sessions culminating in the Kyoto Protocol at COP 3 in 1997

8. Kyoto Protocol • Parties included in Annex I (developed countries) shall reduce their overall emissions of GHGs by at least 5% below their 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012 • Came into effect on 16 February 2005 when 50 Parties representing 55% of global GHG emissions ratified • US withdrew

9. Greenhouse Gases (GHG) • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous oxide (N2O) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

10. Sectors/Source Categories • Energy • Forestry • Industrial Processes • Agriculture • Waste • Solvent and other product use

11. Australia 108% Austria 92% Belgium 92% Bulgaria 92% Canada 94% Croatia 95% Czech Rep. 92% Denmark 92% Estonia 92% EU 92% Finland 92% France 92% Germany 92% Greece 92% Hungary 94% Iceland 110% Ireland 92% Italy 92% Japan 94% Latvia 92% Liechtenstein 92% Lithuania 92% Luxembourg 92% Monaco 92% Netherlands 92% New Zealand 100% Norway 101% Poland 94% Portugal 92% Romania 92% Russian Federation 100% Slovakia 92% Slovenia 92% Spain 92% Sweden 92% Parties and their assigned quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment • Switzerland 92% • Ukraine 100% • UK 92% • USA 92%

12. Flexibility Mechanisms • Joint Implementation (Article 4) • Emissions Trading (Article 6) • Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (Article 12)

13. Purpose of the CDM (Article 12.2) • To assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development and achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention • To assist developed countries in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments

14. Kyoto Protocol • First Commitment Period: 2008- 2012 • Art. 3.9: CMP shall initiate consideration of commitments for subsequent periods at least 7 years before the end of the first commitment period • 2005: CMP established the AWG-KP to define “subsequent commitment period(s), targets, …) • Negotiations commenced … • New gases? • New sectors? • International aviation and marine transport • New Parties? • What to do about the USA?

15. AWG-LCA • Dialogue on Long Term Commitments commenced in 2005 • Bali Action Plan (2007) launched formal negotiations under the AWG-LCA • Mitigation for developed and developing countries • Adaptation • Financing • Technology

16. Copenhagen • Negotiations of AWG-KP and AWG-LCA should have concluded in Copenhagen in 2009 • Failed • Negotiations resumed in 2010 • Unlikely to have a comprehensive agreement in Cancun in December 2010 • Series of Decisions on other issues such as Adaptation, Finance, Forestry, Technology

17. Issue: Mitigation by a few = Unfair Economic Competition USA MAJOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES KYOTO PARTIES

18. Future? • EU will purchase credits from any projects initiated prior to 31 December 2012 • Japan will purchase credits post 2012 • EU will purchase credits from LDCs post 2012 for European Trading Scheme (ETS) • Voluntary markets will continue • Mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol incorporated in any new instrument