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Gender Outlines

Gender Outlines. Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D. Based on a lecture by Cindy White, Ph. D. Do you have Gender?. Is sex and gender the same thing? What do they have in common? How do we distinguish ourselves? There are social ideas about our bodies = social construction. What is sex?.

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Gender Outlines

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  1. Gender Outlines Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D. Based on a lecture by Cindy White, Ph. D.

  2. Do you have Gender? • Is sex and gender the same thing? • What do they have in common? • How do we distinguish ourselves? • There are social ideas about our bodies = social construction.

  3. What is sex? • What is sex? • What are all the possibilities? We could be man, woman, or combination? • Nature makes it possible. • Social discourse makes it impossible.

  4. Xx or xy • If we are born with xx or xy or something else == don’t we have sex? • What is the role of societies and culture? • Why are we forced into 1 sex or another? • Some diversity we can handle …. Some we cannot. • Does nature make mistakes?

  5. Sex and Gender are not the same • Sex and gender are not the same thing. • The role of social discourses. • Are social discourses changing? • Would it violate the social peace if a woman were to act like a man?

  6. How are women defined? • Based on their reproductive ability? • This was popular in the 19th C • But what about African American women? • Let’s construct a woman & then a man via social construct. • Who is more closely associated with their bodies? Men or women?

  7. The role of race • It is easier to talk about women than men. • When we talk about race – assume black people. • Gender is tied to the body. • Gender is a cultural construction. • How quickly has that changed? The KV Switzer example. The Katherine Deraba example.

  8. How has Gender changed? • How has gender changed over the past 30 years? • Has sex changed? • What happens when the social constructions of femininity change? • Race is an issue = marked. • The feminine body.

  9. The feminist movement • 1970s feminists were ugly • Women were thought to be defying nature • Pressure on men and women. • The role of advertisement • The ideal body.

  10. Rosemary Betterton • Discourse in femininity – language is put together in specific ways. • Discourse is prescriptive (sanctioned) = femininity is prescriptive. • Selling woman. • What is feminine? What about breasts? • The male gaze.

  11. Women & Advertisement • A profitable relationship. • Consuming the breast. • Weight. • Is weight only a white woman’s issue?

  12. Do parent’s influence gender stereotypes? • Jacobs et al: stereotypes related to mathematics, sports, and social ability. • Parents communicate to their children their self-perceptions. • Are there real differences between boys and girls?

  13. Sex Differences in self-evaluation • Pomerantz & Ruble – 91 mothers. • Mothers used different methods for controlling their children.

  14. Non-traditional Family & sex-role development • Patterson (1992): development of gender identity, gender role behavior, & sexual preference. • Panel on Gender Identity Issues—A program for Faculty, Staff, & Students Thursday, April 20, from 11:00-12:15 p.m., in Torp Theater, Davidson Hall.

  15. The Father Absence Literature • Father absence and sex typing? • Meta-analysis of 67 studies = Stevenson & Black (1988).

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