Why do Venus flytraps have flytraps?

1. Why do Venus flytraps have flytraps?

2. Plant Nutrition (Ch 38)

3. Physiological adaptation Dogs pee on trees…Why don’t trees pee on dogs?

4. Physiological adaptation Dogs pee on trees…Why don’t trees pee on dogs? plant nutrient NH3 animal waste

5. Nutritional needs • Autotrophic does not mean autonomous • plants need… • sun as an energy source • inorganic compounds as raw materials • water (H2O) • CO2 • minerals

6. Macronutrients • Plants require these nutrients in relatively large amounts • C, O, H, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S

7. Mineral absorption • Proton pumps • active transport of H+ ions out of cell • chemiosmosis • H+ gradient • creates membranepotential • difference in charge • drives cation uptake • creates gradient • cotransport of othersolutes against theirgradient

8. Micronutrients • Plants require in very small amounts • Cl, Fe, Mn, Bo, Zi, Ni, Mb • primarily cofactors for enzyme function

9. Nutrient deficiencies • Lack of essential nutrients • exhibit specific symptoms • dependent on function of nutrient • dependent on solubility of nutrient

10. Take 2 fertilizer pellets& call me in the morning Magnesium deficiency • Symptoms • chlorosis = yellowing of leaves • Why? What is magnesium’s function?

11. Chlorophyll Why does magnesium deficiency cause chlorosis? The chlorosis shows up in older leaves first, because plant moves Mg+ to newer leaves. Why?

12. Agronomistsreally dig dirt! The role of soils • Plants are dependent on soil quality • texture / structure • relative amounts of various sizes of soil particles • composition • organic & inorganic chemical components • fertility

13. Importance of organic matter So don’t rakeyour lawn or bag your leaves • Topsoil • most important to plant growth • rich in organic matter • humus • decomposing organic material • breakdown of dead organisms, feces, fallen leaves & other organic refuse by bacteria & fungi • improves soil texture • reservoir of minerals • organisms • 1 tsp. of topsoil has ~5 billion bacteria living with fungi, algae, protists, insects, earthworms, nematodes

14. Soil health as a global issue Not taking care of soil health has far-reaching, damaging consequences • 1920’s Dust Bowl • lack of soil conservation • growing the same crop year after year (wheat) • grazing by cattle • bare ground exposed to wind erosion in winter • drought

15. Soil health as a global issue • Soil conservation & sustainable agriculture • maintaining healthy environment • sustainable production of food supply • economically viable farming industry “A sustainable agriculture does not deplete soils or people.” – Wendell Berry contour plowing cover crops crop rotation

16. Global issues • soil fertility • erosion • irrigation • forestry destruction

18. Fertilizers • “Organic” fertilizers • manure, compost, fishmeal • “Chemical” fertilizers • commercially manufactured • N-P-K (ex. 15-10-5) • 15% nitrogen • 10% phosphorus • 5% potassium What are thepolitical, economic,environmentalissues?

19. Nitrogen uptake • Nitrates • plants can only take up nitrate (NO3-) • Nitrogen cycle by bacteria • trace path of nitrogen fixation! root What will the plant use N for?

20. Soybean root nodules • N fixation by Rhizobium bacteria • symbiotic relationship with bean family (legumes)

21. Plow it under? Why would youthat? Increasing soil fertility • Cover crops • growing a field of plants just to plow them under • usually a legume crop • taking care of soil’s health • puts nitrogen back in soil erosion control, too

22. Some plant oddities…

23. Parasitic plants • tap into host plant vascular system • What are the pros and cons? Indian pipe Mistletoe

24. Carnivorous plants • Why do they do this? • In what type of environment would they be found? Sundew Venus fly trap Pitcher plant

25. Figure 37.15c Sundews Pitcher plants Venus flytrap

26. Pitcher plant

27. Plants of peat bogs • High acid environment • most minerals & nutrients bound up & are not available to plants • must find alternative sources of nutrients

28. Mycorrhizae increase absorption • Symbiotic relationship between fungi & plant • symbiotic fungi greatly increases surface area for absorption of water & minerals • increases volume of soil reached by plant • increases transport to host plant

29. REVIEW • How is symbiosis critical to plant survival and evolution? • How do plants take in nutrients? • Name two critical nutrients, and state what outcome their deprivation would have on plants.

30. Any Questions??