SmartCopter

1. SmartCopter Group #3 Alvilda Rolle Brian Williams Matthew Campbell Sponsor Rogers, Lovelock, and Fritz Architecture and Engineering University of Central Florida December 4, 2009

2. Introduction • SmartCopter is a device that is mounted to the underside of a RC helicopter and records flight data. Such as acceleration, rotation, current heading, and current video. All while streaming video from the helicopter. • Motivation • To understand the dynamics of RC helicopter flight • To create a starting point for autonomous designs

3. Goals • To record flight data • Acceleration in x, y, and z axis • Rotation about the x, y, and z axis. • Altitude • Magnetic Heading • To record video • Overlay flight information in post-production • If time permits

4. Helicopter Description • ESKY BELT CP RC Helicopter • Brushless motor • Belt driven tail rotor • More control • Lower failure rate • Capable of aerobatic flight

5. Helicopter Description

6. Helicopter Description • Position & Orientation • Frame of reference • Space Frame • Body Frame • Main Rotor Frame • Pitch, roll, yaw • Euler angles (shown on next page)

7. Helicopter Description

8. Helicopter Description • Flight Surfaces • Main Rotor • Speed in RPMs • Beta Angles or Pitch • Collective Pitch • Tail Rotor • Pitch

9. Power Management Battery • Lithium Polymer • 11.1V 1800mAh 20C 3-Cell high capacitance Li-Po battery • Advantages • Quantity: 2 • Replaces Lithium-Ion Power Supply • Battery • Speed controller – regulates voltage supplied to motor • Motor - functions as a converter of electrical energy to kenitc Motor Control • Esky 450 3800KV brushless motor • Advantages: longer lifetime, higher efficiency • No brushes

10. Servos • Standard vs. Digital • Control flight device • Uses error sensing feedback to provide correction • Maintain position • 3 wire control usage: ground wire, signal wire, power wire • Receives a series of pulses sent over a control wire that control the angle of the actuator arm • Connected to linkage that connects to swashplate

11. Subsystem Design Flight Data System- Hardware

12. Accelerometers • Used to measure acceleration forces • Helps determine orientation • Triple Axis Accelerometer –ADXL 335 • Low noise and power consumption • Polysilicon surface • Mechanical sensors for X,Y, and Z axis • Used with operating voltages above Vs = 3V, single-supply operation: 1.8V to 3.6V • Low power: 350 uA (typical) • Great temperature stability, fully assembled • Other possibilities: Triple Axis Accelerometer Breakout – SCA3000

13. Gyros • Mechanical vs. Piezoelectric • Pointed nose detection • Gyro Breakout Board - IDG500 Dual 500 degree/sec • Uses 2 sensor elements that sense the rate of rotation about the X and Y axis • Heading Hold (HH) vs. Yaw Rate (YR) • Noise filtering • Other considerations: IMU 5 Degrees of Freedom IDG500/ADXL335 vs. Gyro Breakout Board + Triple Axis Accelerometer Breakout *The Inertia Measurement Unit

14. Ultrasonic Range Finder • Measure distances between moving and/or stationary objects • Ping sensor • Ultrasonic Range Finder - Maxbotix LV-EZ2 • Quantity: 2 , *Not specifically designed for outdoor use, but device can be mounted so that the sensor is protected from element exposure **Automatic Calibration to Compensate for Changes in Temperature, Noise, Humidity, and Voltage

15. GPS • EM-406A • SiRF Star III Chipset • Accuracy of 5 meters • 42 second average initialization time • Updates every second • TTL interface • Formatted String output

16. GPS

17. Microcontroller • Hardware • PIC 18F4610 • 40-pin configuration • 13 A/D channels • 10 bit accuracy • CCP and ECCP modules • Support of 5 PWM channels • Operating Frequency of up to 48MHz • Enough Memory to fit SD Card Driver • ICSP Programming ability

18. Microcontroller

19. Microcontroller • More Hardware • 64k of program memory • 2k of data memory • 256 bytes of EEPROM • 75 Instructions • 83 w/ Extended Instructions Enabled • 20 Interrupt Sources

20. SD Card Interface • SD Card Pin Out • Chip Select • DI • GND • VDD (+3.3V) • CLK • GND

21. SD Card Interface • Flight data stored onto SD Card to be read after the flight • Includes time stamp so that video can be synced with data • FAT32 file system • SPI interface

22. Embedded Software • C18 Programming Language

23. Embedded Software • GPS Reader • Does • Updates GPS via serial communications • Knows • Current Location • Previous Location • Analog Reader • Does • Manages the A/D Converter • Updates sensor data • Knows • Values from each A/D channel

24. Embedded Software • Sensor Reader • Does • Initializes Readers • Manages data from sources • File Writer • Does • Writes flight data to SD card

25. Embedded Software • Controller • Does • Initializes components • Relays data to File Writer • Manages timing between data updates and file writes • Knows • Current time • Current state • Init • Waiting on Data • Writing Data • Close

26. Base Station Software • Created using Java Media Framework • GUI containing recorded flight video and data

27. Testing Financial burden Maintain structural integrity Timeline setback Crash could result in potential failure Must function on presentation day

28. Testing Procedures Flight Simulator Manual Flight Controls Hardware Connections Global Positioning System HeliCam Software

29. Flight Simulator Flight simulator testing will allow the team to learn the fundamentals of the helicopter flight controls. Crashing the actual helicopter is a must to avoid! Upon successful completion of the flight simulator, the team will fly the actual helicopter.

30. Hardware Connections • Source Voltage ( Vdd ) • Ground ( Vss ) • 5/3.3 Voltage Regulator • Accelerometer • Gyrometer • Ultrasonic Range Finder • SiRF Star III Chipset • SD Card Interface

31. Source Voltage ( Vdd ) • Test circuit board input voltage via splice from 11.1V Lithium Polymer battery.

32. Voltage Regulator • Need to regulate voltage from 5V to 3.3V for accelerometer, gyrometer, and SD card interface.

33. Accelerometer • Input voltage needs to be 3.3V at pin 9 of breakout board. • Continuity test for XOUT, YOUT, ZOUT outputs at pins 1, 2, and 3 of breakout board, respectively.

34. Gyrometer • Input voltage needs to be 3.3V at pin 9 of breakout board. • Continuity test for XRATE , YRATEoutputs at pins 7 and 6 of breakout board, respectively.

35. Ultrasonic Range Finder • Input voltage needs to be 5V at pin labeled “+5” • Continuity test for analog output at pin labeled “ AN ”

36. SiRF Star III Chipset • Input voltage needs to be 5V at pin 2 of SiRF Star III unit. • Continuity test for RX and TX outputs at pins 3 and 4 of SiRF Star III unit.

37. SD Card Interface • Input voltage needs to be 3.3V at pins labeled “ CS, DI, VCC , CLK, DO, IRQ, P9 ” • Continuity test at pins labeled “ CD, WP ” 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V CONTINUITY CONTINUITY

38. Global Positioning System • Test for accuracy by comparison with Blackberry Global Positioning System.

39. Helicam • Plug transceiver into television to ensure proper function of wireless camera system prior to mounting. • TV tuner card for wireless feed prior to mounting.

40. Software • Testing done incrementally • Sensors Tested • GPS Tested • SD Card Tested • Final Testing • Make sure everything works together

41. Testing Location Proper testing location Large area Minimal traffic Terrain composition Soft soil Grass Close proximity to two team member’s homes

42. Testing Accommodations • Maximize productivity and efficiency on test days. • Additional batteries • Transceiver • Helicopter • Multimeter • Close access to electricity, computer, and shelter in the event of unexpected weather.

43. Completed hardware

44. Base Station Software

45. Budget

46. Acknowledgments • Dr. Richie • Professors present • Rogers, Lovelock, and Fritz Architecture and Engineering • Team members