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Invitation to Critical Thinking First Canadian Edition Joel Rudinow Vincent E. Barry Mark Letteri. Chapter 5 Argument Analysis II: Paraphrasing Arguments www.criticalthinking1ce.nelson.com. Argument Analysis II: Paraphrasing Arguments. Paraphrasing:
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Invitation to Critical ThinkingFirst Canadian EditionJoel RudinowVincent E. BarryMark Letteri Chapter 5 Argument Analysis II: Paraphrasing Arguments www.criticalthinking1ce.nelson.com
Argument Analysis II: Paraphrasing Arguments • Paraphrasing: • Best test of how well we understand the text • Reveals our grasp of the material • Once you have overcome these initial concerns by thinking about the argument and doing some research, you are ready to begin mapping the argument. Circle signal words and phrases, letting them lead you to the conclusion or thesis. Next, identify the premises. Now map the argument, including any hidden or implicit premises. Finally, cast the argument. • Now you are ready to paraphrase the argument by stating the conclusion and premises in your own words. © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Overcoming obstacles to paraphrasing Ambiguity: more than one conventional meaning • Remedy: • identify the ambiguous term • research possible meanings • choose the most plausible meaning given the context and the arguer’s (apparent) intentions © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Overcoming obstacles to paraphrasing Discerning an argument’s context: • Remedy • Do research to discover: • who the people are • what the concepts are • when and where they are • Ask: why did the writer use these terms in this argument? • Ask: how does this contribute to the argument’s meaning? © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Preparing to write your paraphrase • Preparing to map the argument: • Underline the signal phrases • Highlight the conclusion [colour 1] • Highlight the premises that support the conclusion [colour 2] • Highlight the premises that support other premises [colour 3] • Look for hidden or implicit premises © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Writing your paraphrase • Map the argument • Begin writing: • State the conclusion in your own words • State the premises in your own words • Connect premises that support other premises to each one respectively • Include discussion of hidden or implicit premises • Re-read the original text and check to be sure you have not used the author’s words or sentence structure • Edit and proofread your paraphrase © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited