Chapter 13 Mexico

1. Chapter 13 Mexico 6th Grade Social Studies

2. CHAPTER 13 Mexico Section 1:Physical Geography Section 2:History and Culture Section 3:Mexico Today

3. Gulf of Mexico Baja California Gulf of California Rio Bravo Mexican Plateau Mount Orizaba Locate X X X X X X

4. Sierra Madre Occidental Sierra Madre Oriental Locate (cont.)

5. States of Mexico

6. Main Ideas • The major physical features of Mexico include Baja California, Mexican Plateau, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Valley of Mexico, mount Orizaba, and the Yucatan Peninsula, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of California, Rio Bravo. • The major climate zones of Mexico are steppe, desert, savanna, and humid tropical.

7. Main Idea (cont.) • The major climate zones of Mexico are steppe, desert, savanna, and humid tropical.

8. Vocabulary • sinkholesA steep-sided depression formed when the roof of a cave collapses

9. SECTION 1 MEXICO Landforms Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Baja California, Mexican Plateau, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Yucatán Peninsula, Valley of Mexico Bodies of Water Rio Bravo, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Pacific Ocean, Gulf of California Climates/Animals/Plants deserts, steppe, savanna, humid tropical/ cougars, coyotes, deer, anteaters, jaguars, mon-keys, parrots/ desert scrub, rain forests, dry grasslands Resources oil, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc Physical Geography The Physical Geography of Mexico

10. Regions of Mexico (6:53) Click Screen to begin

11. Sec 2: History and Culture Objectives • Identify some early cultures that developed in Mexico. • Describe what Mexico was like under Spanish rule and after Independence. • Identify some important features of Mexican culture.

12. Main Ideas • The Maya’s major achievements included astronomical calculations, calendar, a writing system, and complex agricultural systems. The Aztec’s built Tenochtitlan, and grew crops on chinampas. • The effects of Spanish rule on Mexico was a blend of cultures, the spread of Roman Catholicism, mining of gold and silver, and the division of land into haciendas.

13. Vocabulary • chinampas(chuh-NAM-puhs) The name the Aztecs gave to raised fields on which they grew crops • conquistadores(kahn-kees-tuh-DAWR-ez) Spanish conquerors during the era of colonization in the Americas • epidemicWidespread outbreak, often referring to a disease

14. Vocabulary (cont.) • empireA system in which a central power controls a number of territories • mestizos(me-STEE-zohs) People of mixed European and American Indian ancestry • mulattoes(muh-LA-tohs) People of mixed European and African ancestry

15. Vocabulary (cont.) • missionsSpanish church outposts established during the colonial era, particularly in the Americas • ejidos(e-HEE-thohs) Lands owned and worked by groups of Mexican Indians • haciendas(hah-see-EN-duhs) Huge farmlands granted by the Spanish monarch to favored people in Spain’s colonies

16. History of Mexico(12:25) Click Screen to begin

17. SECTION 2 Colonial Mexico After Independence 1821 Independence Spanish, American Indians, and Africans mixed cultures, Missions established to spread religion, Ejidos taken away, replaced by haciendas. Texas revolts, later joins the United States; in war over U.S.-Mexico border, Mexico loses land to United States; 1920 revolution changes government and restores ejidos back to peasants. History and Culture

18. Main Ideas • The three economic problems faced by Mexico include debt to foreign banks, high unemployment, and inflation. • Greater Mexico City is the most developed and crowded. The Central interior has fertile valleys. The Oil coast is a forested plain with a growing population. Southern Mexico is the poorest region. Northern Mexico is prosperous and modern and the Yucatan is sparsely populated and draws tourism.

19. Vocabulary • inflationThe rise in prices that occurs when currency loses its buying power • cash cropsCrops produced primarily to sell rather than for the farmer to eat • smogA mixture of smoke, chemicals, and fog

20. Vocabulary (cont.) • maquiladoras(mah-kee-lah-DORH-ahs) Foreign-owned factories located along Mexico’s northern border with the United States • slash-and-burn agricultureA type of agriculture in which forests are cut and burned to clear land for planting

21. Mexico: Part 1(18:44) Click Screen to begin

22. Mexico: Park 2 (18:06) Click Screen to begin

23. SECTION 3 GOVERNMENT elected president and a congress, Partido Revolucionario Institucional controlled government for 71 years ECONOMY—Challenges foreign debts, poverty, high unemployment, inflation ECONOMY—Agriculture farming, coffee, sugarcane, livestock ranching, cash crops Mexico ECONOMY—Industry oil, mining, manufacturing, many foreign companies build factories in Mexico ECONOMY—Tourism visit old colonial sites, Maya and Aztec monuments, coastal resorts Mexico Today Government and Economy of Mexico

24. CHAPTER 13 Chapter Wrap-Up 1. What is the Mexican Plateau? 2. Why are the coastal plains now more heavily settled? 3. How did European diseases affect the Indians in Mexico? 4. What were the main ethnic divisions in New Spain? 5. How are agriculture and industry in Mexico and the United States related?

25. Who Wants to be a Millionaire? Click for game