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A Dual-Radio Framework for MAC Protocol Implementation in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Dual-Radio Framework for MAC Protocol Implementation in Wireless Sensor Networks. Manjunath D, Mun Choon Chan, and Ananda A L National University of Singapore. Outline of This Talk. An overview of the background, p roblem, and the proposed solution

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A Dual-Radio Framework for MAC Protocol Implementation in Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. A Dual-Radio Framework for MAC Protocol Implementation in Wireless Sensor Networks Manjunath D, Mun Choon Chan, and Ananda A L National University of Singapore ICC'2011

  2. Outline of This Talk • An overview of the background, problem, and the proposed solution • Analytical and experimental analysis of the proposed solution • Implementation and evaluation of our framework • Conclusions ICC'2011 2

  3. Background: Sensor Network MAC Protocols Categories • Synchronous protocols (e.g., SMAC [Infocom’02]) • Asynchronous protocols • Sender-initiated techniques (e.g., BMAC [SenSys’04]) • Receiver-initiated techniques (e.g., AMAC [SenSys’10]) • Hybrids of synchronous and asynchronous techniques (e.g., SCP [SenSys’06]) ICC'2011 3

  4. Problem • Even after a decade of research, sensor network MAC protocols still spend significant energy in idle-listening and/or control operations • This is true even for the most recent AMAC [Sensys’10] • Such idle-listening and control operations are inevitable • These operations are part of the MAC functionality ICC'2011 4

  5. Proposed Solution Our solution is based on the two key observations • In typical sensor network MAC protocols, there are two categories of operations • Bandwidth-independent operations • Durations of idle-listening and control operations are independent of the physical data rate • Bandwidth-dependent operations • Durations of transmission and reception of data packets are functions of data rate ICC'2011 5

  6. Proposed Solution • It is well-known that there are two types of sensor network specific radio transceivers • Time-wise energy efficient transceivers • Bit-wise energy efficient transceivers ICC'2011 6

  7. Proposed Solution • Unlike existing multi-radio systems, we do not propose a new MAC protocol • We show that how a given MAC protocol can be re-implemented using dual radios so that in-evitable operations can be efficiently handled • Bandwidth-independent operations are served on time-wise energy efficient transceivers like CC1000 • CC2420 like bit-wise energy efficient transceivers are used to serve bandwidth-dependent operations • We demonstrate significant energy savings by re-implementing SMAC, BMAC, and SCP ICC'2011 7

  8. Proposed Solution: Analytical Analysis • In order to motivate the necessity for dual radios, we model BMAC, the most popular sensor network MAC protocol • We analyze by comparing energy consumption of single and dual-radio BMAC protocols • We mainly consider three parameters, number of nodes, load, and packet size ICC'2011 8

  9. Proposed Solution: Analytical Analysis Power consumption vs. Number of nodes ICC'2011 9

  10. Proposed Solution: Analytical Analysis Power consumption vs. Load ICC'2011 10

  11. Proposed Solution: Analytical Analysis Power consumption vs. Packet size ICC'2011 11

  12. Proposed Solution: Experimental Analysis Methodology of the analysis • We analyze a representative protocol from each of the three categories of MAC protocols • Bandwidth-independent and bandwidth-dependent operations are analyzed separately ICC'2011 12

  13. Experimental Analysis of Bandwidth-Independent Operations Synchronous protocols (SMAC [Infocom’02]) Power consumption of a node with 10% duty-cycling -60% ICC'2011 13

  14. Asynchronous Protocols (BMAC [SenSys’04]) Sender savings range from 37% to 46% Receiver savings is about 60% 14

  15. Hybrid Protocols (SCP [SenSys’06]) Sender savings range from 50% to 55% Receiver savings range from 69% to 81% 15

  16. Experimental Analysis of Bandwidth-Dependent Operations Operation of RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK Exchange ICC'2011 16

  17. Dual-Radio Framework: Implementation • We re-implement BMAC and SCP by modifying their existing single-radio versions on TinyOS (1.x) • It is not necessary to re-implement SMAC separately • Its dual-radio re-implementation results in a operation similar to dual-radio SCP • Moreover, SMAC and SCP protocols share same synchronization procedure ICC'2011 17

  18. Dual-Radio Framework: Implementation • Energy saving operations are implemented on CC1000 • Periodic radio wakeup, channel polling, and Tx and Rx of preambles constitute these operations in BMAC • In SCP, such operations include achieving synchronization, radio wakeup, channel polling, and Tx and Rx of wakeup tones • Data is communicated on CC2420 ICC'2011 18

  19. Dual-Radio Framework: Evaluation • Our dual-radio setup ICC'2011 19

  20. Dual-Radio Framework: Evaluation • Evaluations are carried out in two scenarios • Using a classical set-up of a sender and a receiver nodes • In a more realistic scenario of multiple nodes where not every node is in the vicinity of another • We compare dual-radio versions against single-radio versions running on CC2420 ICC'2011 20

  21. Dual-Radio Framework: Evaluation • Evaluation results on a pair of sender and receiver nodes ICC'2011 21

  22. Dual-Radio Framework: Evaluation • Evaluation results of dual-radio BMAC on a setup of six nodes 4874.03 -65% -81% 928.99 Sum of the energy consumed at all six nodes ICC'2011 22

  23. Conclusions • Idle-listening and control operations of sensor network MAC protocols are inevitable • Our dual-radio framework is efficient in serving such unavoidable operations • The framework is generic to all the mainstream categories of sensor network MAC protocols • The framework is easy-to-implement and significant savings of up to 81% is being observed ICC'2011 23

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