INTERPRET the poem’s meaning/ideas ANALYSE HOW a poet creates this meaning UNDERSTAND how

1. INTERPRET the poem’s meaning/ideas ANALYSE HOW a poet creates this meaning UNDERSTAND how time/context effects meaning. SYNTHESISE ideas from different time periods

2. Shakespeare: Sonnet 130

3. Starter… Today’s techniques: Intensifiers Syntactic Parallelism Intransitive verb Heroic Couplet Conceit

4. Today…

5. Petrarch (and his sonnets) … 14th century poet whose work has come to be recognised as the founding sonnet form. He wrote sonnets about love (amongst other things). Used a set form of 14 lines containing an octave (made up of two quatrains) and a sestet (made up of three tercets). Rhyme scheme was ABBA ABBA CD CDCD. The intended recipient of his sonnets, ‘Laura’, was completely idealised (both imaginary and perfect).

6. Context During the Renaissance sonnets typically glorified how women looked and were brimming with hyperboles (exaggerations) such as “thy lips are like a thread of scarlet” (Song of Solomon King James Bible). A common term for these sonnets are blazon sonnets. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is SATIRICAL because it makes fun of the sonnets of his time.

7. Shakespeare: Sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask’d, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare.

8. Meaning: Sonnet 130 makes fun of exaggerative language to give a more realistic depiction of a woman. As we go through the poem we are made to feel as if the mistress isn’t very attractive. However, the poem finishes on a romantic note because the woman is unique and it’s not fair for her to be misrepresented and lied to through false comparisons. Overall the speaker does love her but doesn’t need to be exaggerative to express his love. A theme of honesty is present in this poem which could demonstrate how genuine his love is.

9. Noun - this has a Modern English Meaning (1500-1700) for a woman that a man loves. We know the speaker loves this woman from this title. The first word is a 1ST person possessive pronoun - a possessive pronoun shows us that the woman belongs to the speaker Mymistress eyes are nothing like the sun My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare WHAT? He's just called her his mistress yet now he uses a negative simile "nothing like" to say she doesn't have sun-like eyes

10. repetition of the word red because it is the colour associated with love Coral is far more red than her lips' red The actual red coral is literally more red than her lips My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare "far more" intensifying the fact that her lips are definitely not a deep red colour

11. The writer is saying that the woman doesn't have white skin or golden hair which were both things that were beautiful features for women • Syntactic Parallelism • both sentences begin with the conjunction "if" • both have a conditional clause broken by a semi-colon If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare Metaphor: the word wires is not literal, it refers to golden wire, as women who had beautiful hair were told they had hair like golden wire

12. Damasked means a blend or variegated pattern. The speaker is saying he has seen blended red and white roses but not a blend of white skin and red cheeks Begins with the first person pronoun 'I' so that we hear the speaker's account and it reaffirms his opinion I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare Foregrounded disjunction "but". Hold tight as this prepares us for the negative that is about to follow.

13. Repetition of the possessive pronoun “my” from previous lines emphasizes the speaker’s ownership of the woman Begins with the foregrounded conjunction “and” so we anticipate more comparisons And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare Reeks here does not mean smell it means breath, the meaning of smell didn’t come about until after the 17th century

14. “love” – an abstract noun he shows us here a redeemable feature is that he love to speak with her Here’s the turning point as we prepare for some negativity with the disjunction “yet” I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music have a far more pleasing sound; My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare Adjective “pleasing” suggests that music is more relaxing and enjoyable than listening to her voice

15. Petrarch sonnet: The way she walked was not the way of mortals but of angelic forms, Reference to how women were supposed to walk like an angel “ I grant” a declarative phrase so we are set up to believe what is about to follow I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare Tread ( intransitive verb) – shows she just walks normally like any other human on the ground and not in the air.

16. Declaring a vow so we know he is being serious about what he is about to say “And yet”: a conjunction and a contrastive verb. Foregrounds the twist (volta) in the sonnet. And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. “my love” possessive phrase again – referring to the mistress My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun: Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet , by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare VOLTA – THE TWIST IN THE RHYMING COUPLET Paraphrase: I think that my love is unique compared to others but she has been lied to by false comparisons in blazon sonnets.

17. How is Shakespeare’s sonnet different to Petrarch’s? 14th century poet whose work has come to be recognised as the founding sonnet form. He wrote sonnets about love (amongst other things). Used a set form of 14 lines containing an octave (made up of two quatrains) and a sestet (made up of three tercets). Rhyme scheme was ABBA ABBA CD CDCD. The intended recipient of his sonnets, ‘Laura’, was completely idealised (both imaginary and perfect). Rhyme scheme? Number of lines? Purpose? Structure? Meter? Content?

22. How does Shakespeare subvert the traditional sonnet form in Sonnet 130?