IPv4 to IPv6

1. IPv4 to IPv6 Group A2 Roland Hollis EJ Chambers Rachit Gupta

2. Outline • Aspects of IP Version 4 • What about Version 5? • Aspects of IP Version 6 • Features of IPv6 • Auto-Configuration • Qos • IP Security

3. IPv4 Header Vers HLEN Service Type Total Length VERS Flags Fragment Offset Identification Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source IP address Destination IP address IP Options (may be null) Padding IP Datagram Data (up to 65535 bytes)

4. IPv4 Addressing • 232 Unique IP Addresses • This equates to be roughly 4 billion IP Address • This should be enough, but because of network classes, many IP address are left unused • This spawned the concepts of Subnetting, CIDR and subnet 10

5. IPv4 Addressing • CIDR – Classless Inter Domain Routing • CIDR and subnetting work together. • Allow collapsing of contiguous class C networks into a single routing table • Subnet 10 • Leaves the topology of your network up to administrator. • Gateways and Proxies are the intermediary between the internet and your network

6. Other Methods • Other Methods include NATs – Network Address Translation • Acts as a buffer between global internet and your subnet. • IP masquerading is a commonly used technique for Linux • A modern NAT gateway must change the Source address on every outgoing packet to be its single public address

7. IPv5 (?) • Why are we skipping from v4 to v6? • IPv5 never existed! • The version number “5” was assigned to identify packets that carried experimental non-IP real-time stream protocol called SP • It was abandoned for RSVP

8. IPv6 Header Vers Class Flow Table VERS Payload Length Next header Hop Limits Source Address 128 bits (4 x 32 bits) Destination Address 128 bits (4 x 32 bits)

9. IPv6 Addressing • 2128 IP Address • 340 Undecillion IP Addresses • So everyone including your cat and dog has one • Allows true end to end communication • A.k.a. No need for proxies and NAT • Multicasting is required, unlike in IPv4

10. Features of IPv6 • Has a fixed header size, which then has a fixed packet size • Checksum value was removed since they are provided in data link and transport layers

11. NAT • Breaks end to end communication • Routers monitor and change the data • Breaks Bi-directional communication • Hosts with global address cannot initiate communication

12. IPv6 Address • FP – Format Prefix • Denotes addressing format used • TLA – Top Level Aggregation • Indications country or large carrier • R – Reserved for future use • Some instances is combined with NLA

13. IPv6 Address Con’t • NLA – Next Level Aggregation • Identifies a company or internet provider • SLA – Site Level Aggregation • Assigned by superior identity • Interface Id • 64 bit IEEE EUI-64 address of hardware • Ie the MAC

14. Auto configuration • Neighbor Discovery Protocol • Dynamically determines information about directly attached networks • Replaces IPv4 ARP • Multicast vs. ARP’s broadcast • Plug and Play • Stateful and Stateless auto configuration

15. Quality of Service • Different type of traffic be treated differently by intervention router in Internet. • IPv6 has “Flow Label” – Sender can request request special handling. • IPv6 header has an 8-bit traffic class field.

16. IP Security (IPSec) • A set of security services can be provided through use of traffic security protocol • The Authentication Header(AH) • The Encapsulation Security Payload(ESP)

17. References • The Internet Protocol Version 6 • David C. Lee and Daniel L. Lough • The Next Generation of the Internet: Aspects of the Internet Protocol Version 6 • Daniel C. Lee, Daniel L. Lough, Scott Midkiff, Nathaniel J. Davis, Phillip E. Benchoff • IPv6 – Future Approval Networking • Hui Huang, Jian Ma

18. Questions? Comments?