Brazil Part II

1. Brazil Part II use this information to take notes on your study guide

2. Brazilians to Portugal Abolition: government needs to be new! Military have a COUP to kick Pedro II out Nov. 15, 1889 bloodless coup- they left to France, a lot of officials of the empire and buddies of Pedro II left as well *Not a social revolution, but actions of elites *divided into states, no suffrage for women or illiterates

3. Brazilian Society 1889-1930 * immigration! - no slavery=need labor= good chance for jobs (+400%) Italy, Spain, Germany, and Portugal, and largest Japanese community outside of Japan *new cultural forms: carnaval, samba, “whiten” the culture *internationally prominent *scientists and artists came to the country

4. Land of the Future *new flag: order and progress *no industrialization by gov’t: keep exporting coffee and sugar *Private sector: industrialize:Italian and Lebanese; leads to growth of cities *urbanization=favelas, crime, and growth of working class, including low-wage urban workers) *can keep pay low because there are SOOOOOO many workers, you want more $$$? forget you, I will get someone else to work! * worker’s unions

5. 1929 Elections Prestes wins!!!! *Vargas uses military rebels to stage a coup… VARGAS in charge until 1945 *Prestes backed by Communists try coup...unsuccessful= REPRESSION! *election in 1938: NOT! new constitution DICTATORSHIP *corporatism: government coordinates all economic activity within the country by controlling the distribution of working licenses to employers, the management of workers’ unions, and the regulation of the economy *Patronage: favors politically for money or projects, increased military budgets so they wouldn’t overthrow him * military didn’t trust him to have elections: 1945, so they overtook him *Vargas elected again, but people didn’t like him using World Bank so he committed suicide

6. Brasilia Kubitschek became the new President: 50 years of growth in 5 *created an entirely new city in the undeveloped interior of Brazil ~open up vast interior ~new capital ~symbol of modernity: shape of an airplane ~inaugurated in 1960 *DEBT!!!no money? print more money… inflation: cost of living increased but but wages didn’t

7. Interesting... *Quadros is Kubitschek’s successor: went to borrow money again; on a budget and people are angry: he resigns and flees *VP to take over was Goulart: military and the US think he is a communist (in the middle of the Cold War); *military stages a coup with the help of US gov’t.

8. Leadership 1929 and 1964 1964: military took over the government different than Vargas’ take over...this WAS a DICTATORSHIP! no question! *repression and censorship right away! *security police raided allegedly communist organizations: psychological and physical torture CIA provided them with info on potential threat *main victims were the newspapers, labor unions, and student organizations *school textbooks were rewritten

9. Operation Condor by 1970s Dictatorships: Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil *these six joined together for anti-communism: assassination missions, shared info, techniques for torture *tens of thousands died *CIA and FBI documents confirm that the US was aware of Operation Condor and in some cases supported the activities

10. Pharaohs *getting loans from other countries at this time ($215B today) *economic boom during the 1960’s due to agriculture and industry. *profits were divided by large state owners *industry became global at the expense of cheap labor

11. Continuation *government sponsored large and costly infrastructure projects (buildings, bridges) *projects were called “projects of the pharaohs”- extravagance- * these created economic inequalities *for some, the debt acquired weakened legacy * resource distribution discredited the regime

12. Cake... “the cake has to rise before it can be divided up and served”... what does this mean?