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COGNITIVE SYTLISTICS,SPEECH AND REPRESENTATION DIALOGUE AND DISCOURSE

COGNITIVE SYTLISTICS,SPEECH AND REPRESENTATION DIALOGUE AND DISCOURSE. PREPARED BY MIKE KURIA REF BOOK: STYLISTICS: A RESOURCE BOOK FOR STUDENTS By Paul Simpson. COGNITIVE STYLISTICS. Shift from the writer to the reader How mental process affect and are affected by our reading

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COGNITIVE SYTLISTICS,SPEECH AND REPRESENTATION DIALOGUE AND DISCOURSE

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  1. COGNITIVE SYTLISTICS,SPEECH AND REPRESENTATION DIALOGUE AND DISCOURSE PREPARED BY MIKE KURIA REF BOOK: STYLISTICS: A RESOURCE BOOK FOR STUDENTS By Paul Simpson.

  2. COGNITIVE STYLISTICS • Shift from the writer to the reader • How mental process affect and are affected by our reading • Explores links between the human mind and the process of reading • Suggests that literature is a way of reading rather than a way of writing • Seeks to account for models or stores of knowledge that readers bring into a text before them

  3. IDEALISED COGNITIVE MODEL (ICM) • Contains information about what is typical for us and it is a domain of knowledge that is brought into play for the processing and understanding of textual representations • What images do you have of the following concepts: • Church- The marriage ceremony was officiated in the church- how do we understand that sentence? Why our differences • Note that ICM keep being modified by new experience • ICMs are activated by minimal syntactic and lexical markers in text- Jeff Dunham the dead terrorist and the phrase “I kill you”. Metaphor and Metonymy play a key role in contemporary cognitive stylistics analysis.

  4. SPEECH PRESENTATION • Categories of speech presentation • Direct speech- • use of quotation marks for the reported clause • Reporting clause situated around the reported clause • Indirect speech • Is reported by a third party • Reported material distant from the actual speech • Free variants of the direct and indirect speech • Reporting clauses are removed • Inverted commas also removed

  5. STAGES OF CHANGING FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH • Stages: • Make the reported material distant from the actual speech used • Alter pronouns by shifting 1st and 2nd pronouns (I, you and we) to 3rd person (he she it or they) • Switch deictic(location/space) words from their proximal (close) forms into their distal (distance) forms eg here to there, tomorrow to the following day. • Change the direction of the movement of verbs • Place tenses in their back shifted forms- to a past tense, eg know to knew, knew to had known etc

  6. EXAMPLES OF FREE DS AND IS • I will come here tomorrow, she said. • ‘I’ll come here tomorrow.’ • I will come here tomorrow.(freest form) • She would be there the following day • She would be there tomorrow

  7. THOUGHT PRESENTATION Categories for thought presentation are largely similar similar to speech presentation • Do you still love me? (free direct thought: FDT) • He wondered, ‘do you still love me?’ (direct thought) • Did she still love him? (free indirect thought) • He wondered if she still loved him. (indirect thought)

  8. NARRATIVE REPORT OF SPEECH AND NARRATIVE REPORT OF THOUGHT • EXAMPLES: • She spoke of their plans for the day ahead.(NRS) • He wonder about her love for him. (NRT)

  9. UNDERSTANDING DIALOGUE IN DRAMA: CONTEXT STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY • All naturally occurring language takes place in a context of use which can be divided into the following three basic categories: • Physical context: workplace, home environment, public area etc • Personal context: social and personal relationships of the interactants such as age, gender, group membership, social and institutional roles of speakers and hearers • Cognitive context: shared and background knowledge held by participants in action

  10. WHAT WOULD BE THE REASONS FOR THESE CHOICES? • Could you lend me a hundrend shillings please? • Lend me five shillings • I don’t suppose you will be able to do this, but could you lend me 100 shillings please • The ATM is not working, so could you lend 100 shillings please? • I would really be eternally grateful to you for this- could you lend me a 100 shillings please?

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