University Libraries Consortia development as a purchase method of eMaterials

1. University Libraries Consortia developmentas a purchase method of eMaterials YoshiroKATO Chief Executive International Center Keio University

2. Introduction • Currently, university libraries are purchasing eMaterials to answer the needs of their users. This task is difficult for a single library. However, by forming a consortium among libraries, it becomes possible to purchase information in stabilized and reasonable prices. • Today, I would like report about consortia based on the method of marketing analysis of commercial companies. At the same time, I would like to consider the development of the Consortia Life Cycle with good efficiency.

3. Necessity of MarketingThe marketing style difference between Commercial Companies and Libraries

4. Strategic Marketing

5. Strategic Marketing

6. Strategic Marketing

7. Strategic Marketing

8. Brand ResearchPQ: Perception Quotientquestionnaire surveys

9. Brand Research

10. The Life Cycle of commodity (merchandise) at commercial companies • Strong Needs of introducing new products for Marketing • Early development ↓ • Development ↓ • Maturation ↓ • Disbanding ↓ • Early development (introduction)

11. Library Services Life Cycle • Philip Kotler 1969 Proposal of Marketing for nonprofit organization • Life Cycle of Library Services in Japan

12. Library Consortia Life Cycle • Shachaf’s theory of Consortia Life Cycle in 2003 • The Life Cycle Model • Potter’s 6 standards • The number of participating libraries • Core programs • Ground of the constitute • Financial source • Participation of major Universities • The management & administration organization

13. Library Consortia Life Cycle

14. Library Consortia Life Cycle

15. Library Consortia Life Cycle

16. Methodology of development stages 《The Embryonic Stage》 • Pre-establishment stage toward the later established consortium. Characters • Informal, Voluntary Networking Activities • Interlibrary Loans Requirement for Establishing Formal Mechanisms • Governmental Funding and Approval • Strong Internal Leadership in Consortia

17. Methodology of development stages 《Early Development》 • Gradually, Achieving the Primary Goals of Its Charter • Demonstrating Benefits That Will Reach Fruition in the Development Stage • The Bibliographic Network and Interlibrary Loan Services are Taking Root. • Starting ‘Full Text Databases’ Subscriptions • Establishment of Unique Identity of Consortium • Cultivating Outside Relationships

18. Methodology of development stages 《Development》 • Seeking funds from external sources • suggestion of internal membership commitment • Growth of subscriptions shared between consortia members • This stage lasts up to five years • Focusing on the consortium’s effectiveness and efficiency

19. Methodology of development stages 《Maturation》 • Guarantee for the access to electronic resources through shared subscriptions, union catalogues and interlibrary loan • Support for Internet connections and Pprovision of hardware for that purpose • Extension of participation beyond academic libraries • Financial independence by being self supported organization with membership fee and service fee • Becoming an important negotiation agent for electronic licensing subscription • Improving services by collaborating with other consortia

20. Methodology of development stages • Disbanding or Termination • Lack of Consortia viability 2. MetaConsortia • Consortium of consortia, founded on the basis of cooperation among several consortia

21. Classification of the Consortia by Stage of Development

22. Japanese University Libraries Consortia The Embryonic Stage (1998 – 2000) • Joint use of Intranet style electronic journal • IDEAL Consortia by Academic Press • IDEAL open consortia (JIOC/NU) by 6 Universities of Japan Association of National University Libraries (JANUL) ↓ Disbanding in 2002

23. Japanese University Libraries Consortia Early Development (2000 – 2002) • Establishment of the task force for electronic journal by Japan Association of National University Libraries • University of Tokyo Library took the major role • April, 2002, signing up for the contract of a consortium with Elsevier and other 4 publishers.

24. Japanese University Libraries Consortia Development (2002 – 2003) • Contract with 13 publisher for electronic journal • 3,800 titles of electronic journals became available • Due to introducing electronic journals, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) provide budget for National University Libraries. • Cooperative work with National Institute of Informatics to establish guarantee of on going access to online publications • Establishment of Private University Libraries Consortium (PULC)

25. Japanese University Libraries Consortia Development (2002 – 2003) • Subsidy from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to introduce electronic journals at Private Universities • Development into self supportive organization • Japan Coalition of Library Consortia (JCOLC) • Planning for the establishment of JCOLC

26. Conclusion • Current consortia are only for purchasing Electronic Journals. The same strategy must be used for purchasing eBooks. • For further development of the method of Schacaf, we must correct newest data and continue quantitative researches • We are aiming to increase the purchase of electronic information resources by establishing an unique consortium which fit for the environment of Japanese Libraries