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Cell Division

Learn about the processes of mitosis and meiosis, key differences between them, phases involved in each, and how cells divide, replicate DNA, and form daughter cells. Explore the significance and outcomes of these cellular mechanisms.

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis

  2. The Cell Cycle Mitosis Interphase

  3. Cell Growth • Prior to mitosis, the cell is in Interphase • Interphase is a time where • The cell grows • Organelles replicate • DNA is copied • Most of a cells life is spent in interphase

  4. Mitosis • Occurs in body cells (somatic cells) • Results in 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell • 4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

  5. Prophase • Stage 1 of Mitosis • DNA winds up to form chromosomes • Nuclear membrane (membrane around the nucleus) disappears

  6. Metaphase • Stage 2 of Mitosis • Chromosomes line up at equator (center) of the cell

  7. Anaphase • Stage 3 of Mitosis • Chromosomes split - each half is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  8. Telophase • Stage 4 of Mitosis • Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind to form strands of DNA

  9. Cytokinesis • After mitosis occurs, the cells must split - this process is called cytokinesis • There are two methods - one for cells without a cell wall, like animal cells, and one for cells with a cell wall, like plant cells

  10. Cytokinesis - No Cell Wall • The membrane starts to pinch inward, between the two nuclei • It will continue to pinch, until the cell splits into two new cells

  11. Cytokinesis - Cell Wall • Cell forms a cell plate between the two nuclei • This cell plate provides foundation for new cell wall • Membranes form inside cell walls, and end up with two daughter cells

  12. Meiosis - Formation of Sex Cells • Occurs in sex cells (eggs and sperm) • Results in 4 daughter cells • Each with HALF the DNA of the parent cell • All are different from one another AND parent • Split into two Stages, each with 4 phases

  13. Prophase I • DNA winds up into chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears

  14. Metaphase I • Chromosomes line up at equator • Line up next to homogolous chromosome (e.g. chromosome 1 from dad lines up next to chromosome 1 from mom)

  15. Anaphase I • One chromosome from each pair is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  16. Telophase I & Cytokinesis • Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes may unwind • Cells split

  17. Prophase II • Nuclear membrane disappears • Chromosomes wind up

  18. Metaphase II • Chromosomes line up at equator

  19. Anaphase II • Chromosomes split, each half pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  20. Telophase II & Cytokinesis • Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind • Cells split

  21. Compare Mitosis/Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis 4 cells formed Daughter cells have 1/2 DNA of the parent cell All 4 are different Occurs in sex cells 8 phases/2 stages 2 cells formed Daughter cells identical to parent cell Occurs in body cells 4 phases Both Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cells divide

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