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A VERY BRIEF INTRO TO… Aboriginal awareness . So, what do I call you?. Aboriginal First Nations Inuit Innu Metis Indian Indigenous Native. Important Legislation. 1763 Royal Proclamation The first time the inherent rights of Indigenous people in Canada is explicitly recognized
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So, what do I call you? • Aboriginal • First Nations • Inuit • Innu • Metis • Indian • Indigenous • Native
Important Legislation • 1763 Royal Proclamation • The first time the inherent rights of Indigenous people in Canada is explicitly recognized • This right still exists, it has NOT been extinguished • 1876 Indian Act • Defined Indians, bands and reserves • 1982 Constitution • Section 35 guarantees that Aboriginal rights exist by common law, Section 25 states the Charter of Rights and Freedoms cannot challenge those rights
Important Legislation (con’t) • 1986 Bill C-31 • Altered the Indian Act to restore status to those that lost it by marriage • Complications are still felt today • Matrimonial rights • Property rights • Self-governance
Residential Schools • 1883-1996 • “When the school is on the reserve, the child lives with his parents who are savages; he is surrounded by savages, and though he may learn to read and write, his habits and training and mode of thought are Indian. He is simply a savage who can read and write”.
Residential Schools • Gordon Residential School closed in 1996 • June 11, 2008 Formal Apology • Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement • Common Experience Payment • Independent Assessment Process • Truth and Reconciliation
Cultural Practices • Things you might encounter • Smudging • Prayers • Ceremony • Sweatlodges • Round dances • Powwows
Traditional vs. non-traditional • I’m a hybrid! • The influence of residential schools and missionaries • Why it still matters
Is your education free? • Nope! We signed treaties that guaranteed education, yet the Canadian gov’t has underfunded post-secondary education for decades • In 2006, INAC spent an estimated $294 mil to support 22,303 FN students in Canada ($12,420/student) • In 2007 it was estimated the backlog was 10,589 students- students DENIED funding