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Understanding Chemical Compounds: Acids and Bases

Learn about compounds, molecules, chemical formulas, properties of acids and bases, along with examples of common acids. Find out how acids and bases react and neutralize each other. Understand the significance of chemical bonds in compounds.

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Understanding Chemical Compounds: Acids and Bases

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  1. Acidsand Bases

  2. Chemical Compound • Compoundsaregroupsoftwoormoreelementsthatarebondettogether.Amoleculeisthegeneraltermusedtodescribeatomsconnectedbychemicalbonds. Every combinationofatomsis a molecule. Compounds happen withatomsfrom different elements. So, all compoundsaremolecules, becausetheyhavebondsbetweentheatoms, like in water (H2O). Wikipedia

  3. Chemical formulae • The simplesttypesofchemicalformulasarecalledempiricalformulas.Sometimes a chemicalformulaiscomplicatedbybeingwrittenas a condensedformula. • Hydrochloric acid HCI • Nitric acid HNO3 • Phosphoric acid H3PO4 • Sulfuric acid H2SO4 • Boric acid H3BO3 • Hydrofluoric acid HF • Hydrobromic acid HBr • Perchloric acid HClO4 Wikipedia

  4. Properties ofacid • The propertiesofacidsare, theyaresourto taste, theycanreactwithsomemetalsandproduce hydrogen gas, theycancausesomeorganicthingstochangecolor, theycause a reactionwith limestone thatcreatescarbondioxide, andtheyreactwithbasestoproducewaterandsalts. • HCI,HNO3and H2SO4

  5. Bases • Bases aresubstancesthatreactwithacidsandneutralisethem. Theyareusuallmetalslike:Oxides, hydroxides, carbonatesor hydrogen carbonates. Manybasesareinsoluble = they do not dissolve in water. • If a basedoesdissolve in water, wecallit an alkali. Wikipedia

  6. Acids • An Acidisa compoundwhichusuallyishavinga sour taste anditisneutralizingalkalisandreddeningbluelitmus (litmuspaperis also sometimesyousedfordrugtesttoproofifsomeonehastakenthem) paperis, containing hydrogen thatcanbereplacedby a metalor an electropositivegroupto form a salt, orcontaining an atomthatcanaccept a pair ofelectronsfrom a base. Wikipedia

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