Chapter 7 Programming Language

1. Chapter 7 Programming Language

2. Learning Objectives Describe several programming languages in use today. • OVERVIEW • Popular programming languages

3. Programming Languages Programming language: A set of rules used to write computer programs To write a program, you need appropriate software for the programming language you will be using Categories of programming languages Low-level languages: Difficult to code in; machine dependent Machine language: 1s and 0s Assembly language: Includes some words and symbols

4. Programming Languages

5. Programming Languages High-level languages: Closer to natural languages and so are easier to write in Machine independent Includes third-level procedural languages such as FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, and C, as well as newer object-oriented languages such as Visual Basic, C++, C#, Python, Ruby, and Java Fourth-generation languages (4GLs): Even closer to natural languages and easier to work with than 3GLs Declarative rather than procedural Includes structured query language (SQL) used with databases

6. Programming Languages Natural programming languages: Users can communicate in their native language Doesn’t have to follow program syntax In the infancy stage Visual programming languages: Uses a visual programming environment User can use mouse and graphical interface and the code is automatically generated Visual versions of many programming languages Visual programming environment (VPE): Use visual elements to assist in program development but still require some coding

7. Common Programming Languages FORTRAN: High-level programming language used for mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications Efficient for math and scientific applications

8. Common Programming Languages COBOL: Designed for business transaction processing Makes extensive use of modules and submodules Being phased out in many organizations

9. Common Programming Languages Pascal: Created as a teaching tool to encourage structured programming Contains a variety of control structures used to manipulate modules systematically

10. Common Programming Languages BASIC: Easy-to-learn, high-level programming language that was developed to be used by beginning programmers Visual Basic: Object-oriented version of BASIC which helps programmers quickly and easily create programs through the use of a visual environment

11. Common Programming Languages C: Designed for system programming C++, and C#: Object-oriented versions of C

12. Common Programming Languages Java: High-level, object-oriented programming language frequently used for Web-based applications Platform independence is one of Java’s biggest advantages Any operating system or browser that understands Java (compiled Java programs) can run Java bytecode applications Is one of the most popular programming languages today Can be used to write Java applets

13. Common Programming Languages

14. Common Programming Languages Python: Open-source, dynamic, object-oriented language that can be used to develop a variety of applications Gaming, scientific, database, and Web applications Only recently gaining a following

15. Common Programming Languages Ruby: Open-source, object-oriented language that can be used to create general-purpose or Web applications Uses a syntax that is fairly easy to read and write, allowing programmers to create database-driven Web applications easily and quickly

16. Summary Approaches to Program Design and Development The Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC) Tools for Facilitating Program Development Programming Languages