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Group 9 Mouna Hammoud, Tamelia Malcolm, Terrie Robinson, Navrine Tahal Chapter 30 Lesson 2 10th Grade

Group 9 Mouna Hammoud, Tamelia Malcolm, Terrie Robinson, Navrine Tahal Chapter 30 Lesson 2 10th Grade. Treatment of HIV-Related Illnesses and AIDS. Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?. HIV. “Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome” A specific type of virus (a retrovirus)

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Group 9 Mouna Hammoud, Tamelia Malcolm, Terrie Robinson, Navrine Tahal Chapter 30 Lesson 2 10th Grade

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  1. Group 9 Mouna Hammoud, Tamelia Malcolm, Terrie Robinson, Navrine Tahal Chapter 30 Lesson 2 10th Grade Treatment of HIV-Related Illnesses and AIDS

  2. Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?

  3. HIV • “Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome” • A specific type of virus (a retrovirus) • HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself. • No Cure

  4. AIDS • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • HIV is the virus that causes AIDS • Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection • A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system • No Cure

  5. New HIV Infections in 2002 by Age Group

  6. Four Stages of HIV

  7. Stage 1 - Primary • Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection • no symptoms at all • Infected person can infect other people

  8. Stage 2 - Asymptomatic • Lasts for an average of ten years • This stage is free from symptoms • There may be swollen glands • The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels • HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

  9. Stage 3 - Symptomatic • The symptoms are mild • The immune system deteriorates • emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

  10. Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS • The immune system weakens • The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis

  11. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS • Bacterial • Tuberculosis (TB) • Strep pneumonia • Viral • Kaposi Sarcoma • Herpes • Influenza (flu)

  12. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS • Parasitic • Pneumocystis carinii • Fungal • Candida • Cryptococcus

  13. Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

  14. Through Bodily Fluids • Blood products • Semen • Vaginal fluids • Breast Milk

  15. Through IV Drug Use • Sharing Needles • Without sterilization • Increases the chances of contracting HIV

  16. Through Sex • Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina) • Oral • Anal • Digital Sex

  17. Mother-to-Baby • Before Birth • During Birth • Postpartum • After the birth

  18. Testing Options for HIV

  19. 23659874515 Anonymous Anonymous Testing • No name is used • Unique identifying number • Results issued only to test recipient

  20. Confidential Testing • Person’s name is recorded along with HIV results • Name and positive results are reported to the State Department and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Results issued only to test recipient

  21. Administration • Blood • Urine • Oral

  22. Blood Detection Tests • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) • Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA) • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • Western Blot Confirmatory test

  23. Urine Testing • Urine Western Blot • As sensitive as testing blood • Safe way to screen for HIV • Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

  24. Oral Testing • Orasure • The only FDA approved HIV antibody. • As accurate as blood testing • Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue. • NOT A SALIVA TEST!

  25. Counseling

  26. Pre-test Counseling • Transmission • Prevention • Risk Factors • Voluntary & Confidential • Reportability of Positive Test Results

  27. Post-test Counseling • Clarifies test results • Need for additional testing • Promotion of safe behavior • Release of results

  28. Treatment Options

  29. Antiretroviral Drugs • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors • AZT (Zidovudine) • Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors • Viramune (Nevirapine) • Protease inhibitors • Norvir (Ritonavir)

  30. Opportunistic Infection Treatment • Issued in an event where antiretroviral drugs are not available

  31. Four ways to protect yourself? • Abstinence • Monogamous Relationship • Protected Sex • Sterile needles

  32. Abstinence • It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. • Refraining from sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal. • Refraining from intravenous drug use

  33. Monogamous relationship • A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV • HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected

  34. Protected Sex • Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal) • Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom) • Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

  35. When Using A CondomRemember To: • Make sure the package is not expired • Make sure to check the package for damages • Do not open the package with your teeth for risk of tearing • Never use the condom more than once • Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

  36. Sterile Needles • If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it must be disinfected: • Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach and wait at least 30 seconds. • thoroughly rinse with water • Do this between each person’s use

  37. Needle Exchange Program • Non-profit Organization, which provides sterile needles in exchange for contaminated ones

  38. ANY QUestions?

  39. Thank You!

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