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FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY. CRANIOSACRAL COMPARISONS. DETERMINING GENDER and SEX. Humans are divided into three major subgroups. Based upon phenotypic characteristics such as cranial and skeletal morphology. I. CAUCASOID

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FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

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  1. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY CRANIOSACRAL COMPARISONS

  2. DETERMINING GENDER and SEX • Humans are divided into three major subgroups. • Based upon phenotypic characteristics such as cranial and skeletal morphology. • I. CAUCASOID • EUROPE and NORTH AFRICA (Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Western Sahara), and IRANO-AFGHAN • II. NEGROID • AFRICA (excluding North Africa), Pacific Islands, and Australia • III. MONGOLOID • North America (Native American and Eskimo), South America, Asia (Northern Mongolia, China, Japan, Korea)

  3. EUROPEAN SKULLS • European Male Skull • Little or no prognathism exhibited with minimal protrusion of the lower face. • Retreating Zygomatic Bones (cheekbones) make the face look more "pointed". • Narrow nasal aperture with a tear-shaped nasal cavity • European Female Skull

  4. Prognathism • The positional relationship of the mandible and maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the skull.

  5. ASIAN SKULLS • Asian Male Skull • Projecting zygomatic bones, small brow ridge, and small nasal apertures • Asian Female Skull

  6. AFRICAN SKULLS • African Male Skull • Short skull compared to its width, receded zygomatic bones, and wide nasal apertures. • African Female Skull

  7. Dolichocephalic • Cephalic index or Cranial index is the ratio of the maximum width of the head of an organism multiplied by 100 divided by its maximum length (i.e., in the horizontal plane, or front to back).

  8. Male Skulls • European Asian African

  9. Female Skulls • European Asian African

  10. The Pelvic Bone is best for determining the Sex of an Individual • PUBIC ARCH • A female will have a larger sub-pubic angle to that of a man. • Angle less than 90 degrees in men • Greater than 90 degrees in women • Indicative of child bearing requirements • Noticeable differences in all species where child birth is from the womb.

  11. Determination of Sex • area around the pelvic inlet (in the middle of the pelvic bone) is larger in females • Space will have widened upon the birth of a child and although it will contract.. • it will not contract fully back to its original size.

  12. Determination of Sex • Pubic Symphysis is the area where the left and right pubis meet. • In females, • This area is bumpy in late teens • Smoothed out in 20-30 year olds • Erodes and becomes spongy/porous in women over age 40.

  13. Skeletal Comparisons • Head of Humerus • Males: Greater than 47 mm • Females: Less than 43 mm • Ashes of a Male: 7.6 lbs • Ashes of a Female: 6.1 lbs

  14. (1) sacrum, (2) ilium, (3) ischium, (4) pubis, (5) pubic symphisis, (6) acetabulum, (7) obturator foramen, (8) coccyx

  15. Determination of Sex • The acetabulum - the socket in the pelvis, which is used to secure the head of the femur - is larger in males than in females.

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