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THE FEDERAL DISTRICTS

THE FEDERAL DISTRICTS. The expectation was that the federal districts would become power links in a vertical chain of command, super-regions that would restore Kremlin control over the multitude of independent governors. In reality their task was:

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THE FEDERAL DISTRICTS

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  1. THE FEDERAL DISTRICTS

  2. The expectation was that the federal districts would become power links in a vertical chain of command, super-regions that would restore Kremlin control over the multitude of independent governors. In reality their task was: • to prevent the break-up of the Russian Federation, to control the governors and presidents who were openly flouting the legal authority of Moscow; • to be the eyes and ears of the president in the regions.

  3. The main political instruments were: • insistence on rewriting regional laws to conform to federal law. This has proceeded fairly smoothly – although it is an open question whether implementation of the new laws will differ from past practices. • supervision of anti-corruption campaigns, unleashing the procuracy on criminal actions by government officials. • monitoring of elections, and using elections to try to remove objectionable governors • monitoring the mass media, trying to create media outlets favorable to Moscow, and creating new media outlets to promote regional identity and cooperation between the federal districts components • supervision of security institutions, including stopping efforts by regional leaders to create their own security networks.

  4. Every President’s representative has developed new functions which were not necessarily part of President Putin’s original plan.

  5. NEW PRESEDENTIAL REPRESENTATIVES Northwest CHERKESOV Viktor - MATVEENKO Valentina (Vice Prime Minister) -KLEBANOV Igor (Vice Prime Minister) Southern KAZANTSEV Viktor – YAKOVLEV Vladimir (Vice Prime Minister) – KOZACK Dmitry (President’s Administration, First Deputy Head Volga KIRIENKO Sergey - KONOVALOV Alexander (Bashkortastan Prosecutor) Siberian DRACHEVSKY Leonid – KVASHNIN Anatoly (Chief Of General Staff) Far East PULIKOVSKY Konstantin – ISHAKOV Kamil (Kazan Mayor)

  6. Northwest Federal District

  7. Northwest Federal District GENERAL INFORMATION • Total area: 1 687 000 square kilometers (9.8% of all Russian territory) • Population: 14.4 million (9.9% of all Russian population) • Central city: St. Petersburg • The district enjoys a lucrative geopolitical situation: it borders Finland, Norway, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and has outlets to Baltic, White, Barents, and Kara Seas. • The district has a rich natural resource potential: 16% and 20% of Russia’s explored oil and gas reserves, respectively; 50% of European Russia forests, and Europe’s largest coal reserves (214 billion ton).

  8. Leading Industries In 2004, industrial growth in Northwest Russia was 113 percent of the 2003 level, driven mainly by business expansion in St. Petersburg, and Arkhangelsk and Kaliningrad Oblasts. The most developed industries of the Northwest Federal District are: • Metallurgy (Leningrad Oblast and Vologda) • Chemical and petrochemical (Leningrad Oblast, Murmansk and Novgorod) • Logging, wood processing, pulp and paper (Leningrad Oblast, the Komi and Karelia Republics, Pskov and Novgorod) • Machine-tool building (St.Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast and Novgorod) • Food processing (St.Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, Novgorod and Pskov) • Non-ferrous metallurgy (Murmansk and the Komi Republic)

  9. Major Development Challenges • Low development of human resources - Demographic implosion (mortality rates exceed birth rates by a factor of 2; the average life interval is 59 years for men and 72 years for women; from 1991, population numbers contracted by 912 000) - Low income levels (average monthly wages are equivalent to $135-140; average pensions and subsidies are below the actual minimum living costs) - High crime rates • Inefficient structure of economy (a high proportion of raw-material and low-technology industries; low innovation levels) • Significant gaps between regions’ development levels; centralized management of regions’ financial resources by the federal budget • Development challenges in the Russian exclave – Kaliningrad Oblast • Lack of an overall federal development strategy; inconsistent regional policies of the federal government

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