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Le cycle cellulaire et la mitose Pour être traduits en français

Le cycle cellulaire et la mitose Pour être traduits en français. PHA Biology 9 Moretti/ Dickson. Chromosome Review. Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact . Chromosomes unraveling into DNA . Nucleotide Base Pairs. DNA.

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Le cycle cellulaire et la mitose Pour être traduits en français

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  1. Le cycle cellulaire et la mitose Pour être traduits en français PHA Biology 9 Moretti/ Dickson

  2. Chromosome Review Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact Chromosomes unraveling into DNA Nucleotide Base Pairs DNA Gene:Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

  3. Chromosome examen Chromosomes: ADN étroitement enroulé autour de balles peu de protéines (histones) pour le rendre très compact Chromosomes unraveling into DNA Nucleotide Base Pairs DNA Gene:Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

  4. Chromosome Review • Contain DNA • Number varies with organism: • Humans: 46 • Cats: 32 • Dogs: 72 Note: Page 341 in Textbook has a good picture of karyotype • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  5. The Cell Cycle: Overview • One cell grows and divides into two new cells • Purpose: • Growth • Replace dead cells • Repair tissues after injury • Asexual reproduction (in single-celled organisms) Amoeba reproducing

  6. Major Steps of the Cell Cycle • Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes & organelles • G1 phase: Cell grows • S phase: DNA replicates • G2 phase: More growth; cell prepares to divide • M-Phase: • MitosisChromosomes separate to form two new nuclei • Cytokinesis:Cell splits to form two new identical cells • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  7. Principales étapes du cycle cellulaire • Interphase: la croissance, la copie des chromosomes et les organites • La phase G1: cellule croît • Phase S: réplication de l'ADN • Phase G2: Plus de croissance;cellule se prépare à se diviser • M-Phase: • Mitose chromosomes distinctspour former deux nouveaux noyaux • Cytocinèse: cellule se divise pour former deux nouvelles cellules identiques • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  8. What do you notice about the chromosomes in G1versus G2? • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  9. Chromosome Replication During the Cell Cycle G1 Phase: • Chromosomes are un-replicated - each contains onecopy of its DNA G2 Phase: • Chromosomes are replicated - each contains twoexactcopies of its DNA S Phase: Centromere – a small spot in the center of a chromosome Centromere DNA Replication creates replicated chromosomes Un-Replicated Chromosome Replicated Chromosome Sister Chromatids – two halves of a replicated chromosome – exact copies of each other • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  10. More Images of Chromosome Replication • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  11. Why do Chromosomes Replicate? • So they can split during mitosis and separate into two new cells • Each cell gets an exactcopyof each chromosome! • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of a chromosome. • Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

  12. Short Activity: Plant Cells in Mitosis Can you identify the different stages? • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  13. M-Phase: Mitotic Division • Mitosis: • Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei • Cytokinesis: • Cell splits to form two new identical cells • Objectives for Class: • Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis. • Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells. • .

  14. Stages of Mitosis Step 1: Prophase Step 3: Anaphase Step 2: Metaphase Step 4: Telophase

  15. Interphase Animal Cell Plant Cells • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  16. Mitosis Stages: Prophase • Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • Spindle fibers form between the ends (poles) of cell. • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  17. Mitosis Stages: Metaphase • Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell • Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids, as they prepare to pull them apart • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  18. Mitosis Stages: Anaphase • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  19. Mitosis Stages: Telophase • Two new nuclei form • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods) • Mitosis ENDS • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  20. Cytokinesis • Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its ownnucleuswith identical chromosomes • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  21. Stages of Mitosis • Objectives for Class: • Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

  22. Quiz Review: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle • Schéma et décrire la structure de l'ADN et ... • Label les parties suivantes: • le sucre désoxyribose • Phosphate • bases azotées • des liaisons hydrogène. • Afficher bon appariement entre les bases azotées. • Définir chacun des termes suivants et expliquer • comment ils se rapportent tous à l'autre: • ADN • Les gènes • Chromosomes • Nucléotides • Décrire les étapes de la réplication de l'ADN. • Schéma et décrire la structure d'un chromosome. • Dessiner un chromosome et l'étiquette de la chromatides centromère et la sœur. • Distinguer entre les chromosomes non répliqués et reproduites. • Expliquer le résultat objectif et globale du cycle cellulaire. • Décrire ce qui se passe à chaque étape du cycle cellulaire: • Interphase • Phase G1 • Phase S • Phase G2 • Mitose • Prophase • Métaphase • Anaphase • Télophase • Cytocinèse

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