South Carolina & Slavery (1670s-1740)

1. Intro & Background Labor Who? Why Slaves? Black Majority Slave Trade “Uneven Negotiations” Task System African Heritage Whites’ Fears Resistance & Rebellion Conc. Key Terms Malaria/Yellow Fever Middle Passage Gullah Slave Resistance Stono Rebellion Jemmy South Carolina & Slavery(1670s-1740)

2. Themes • Why/how did slavery develop? • Life in a “Black Majority” • Slave resistance

3. Background • South Carolina’s settlement began about 1670; many came from the Caribbean. • South Carolina’s main crop: #1 = RICE #2 = Indigo

4. Crops in South Carolina • Indigo = dye for clothing Indigo Plant

5. The Caribbean Colonies, 1660

6. Sugar Production In The Caribbean In the 1660s, a French book illustrated the various phases of sugar processing for curious European readers. Teams of oxen (A) turned the mill, the rollers of which crushed the canes (C), producing the sap (D), which was collected in a vat (E), then boiled down into molasses (K). African slaves, with minimal supervision by a few Europeans (foreground), managed all phases of the process.

7. Who Were Their First Choice As Laborers? • Native Americans • Indentured Servants • African Slaves Cost (ca.1680) • Indentured Servant: 4 £ ($480.00 US in 2002) • African Slave: 20 £ ($2,400.00 US in 2002)

8. Why Switch From Servants To Slaves..? • Slaves were slaves for life. • African slaves had more knowledge of rice cultivation than their owners! • Health reasons-Malaria & Yellow Fever were deadly to Europeans. Many Africans had natural immunities to these diseases.

9. Black Majority • By 1710, blacks outnumbered whites in South Carolina.

10. Slave Trade • Largest forced migration in human history; involved about 11-13 million Africans • Middle Passage: The voyage from Africa to “New World.”

11. Shock Of Enslavement

12. Slave Ship & Middle Passage Trip to North America: 6-12 weeks

13. Tools For Middle Passage

14. Slave Auction Advertisement

15. Pace of work: Owners-want a fast pace Slaves- want a slower pace Solution = Task System Slaves were given a “task” each day; once completed their work day was over. On a daily basis, slaves often did not work with whites. Uneven Negotiations(Between Whites & “Black Majority”)

16. Holding Onto African Heritage • Children were given “African” names. • Music & homes reflected African influence. • Gullah: A language made up of English & African words.

17. White’s Fears • Whites began to restrict behavior of slaves AND themselves. • Slaves could not work as messengers, barbers, loggers, etc. • Whites had to join slave patrols & taxes were increased—Fear of major REBELLION!

18. Slaves Reacted & Resisted In Many Ways Up to 5% 5-10% 90-95% Subtle Resistance Completely Submissive & Obedient Completely Resistant

19. Examples Of Resistance • Breaking tools, faking illnesses, pretending not to know English or how to use tools, etc. • Escape for short periods of time. • Stono Rebellion: example of Extreme Resistance

20. Stono Rebellion(1739) • In a town near Stono River, 20 slaves, led by a slave named Jemmy, broke into a store. • They traveled South, stopping at plantations along the way, involving between 60-100 slaves. • Rebels were surrounded by whites & slaughtered. • Largest slave rebellion until 1830s; about 30 whites & over 100 slaves were killed.

21. Intro & Background Labor Who? Why Slaves? Black Majority Slave Trade “Uneven Negotiations” Task System African Heritage Whites’ Fears Resistance & Rebellion Conc. Key Terms Malaria/Yellow Fever Middle Passage Gullah Slave Resistance Stono Rebellion Jemmy South Carolina & Slavery(1670s-1740)