POWER TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. ТОТЕМА Ltd POWER TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT ABOUT US HISTORY ACTIVITIES GALLERY CONTACT

2. ABOUT US

3. ABOUT US ТОТЕМА is a power engineering company of long history and technical expertise in the field of technologies and equipment – boilers and the associated ancillary facilities - for district heating, for process steam and steam for power or cogeneration cycle. The company is a legal successor to the Power Technologies Department of former state-owned enterprise for Automation and Modernisation of Power Infrastructure, dating back to 1967. TOTEMA EOOD is currently a private company, owned by Energoremont Holding AD. TOTEMA’s core team of engineering professionals has more than 20 years of experience in: ●research and consultancy on thermoelectric technologies and equipment ● design of district heating boilers, steam generators, burner systems, heat exchange surfaces as well as steam, air and gas ductwork; ● operation and performance guarantee testing of steam generators and the associated equipment; ● engineering analyses; ● project management. ТОТЕМА aims to provide a complete engineering cycle from assessment and feasibility study through design, manufacturing and assembly supervision to delivery and commissioning on turnkey basis. The company is dedicated to long-term service of its customers Most of the equipment designed by TOTEMA is manufactured and assembled by the units of Energoremont, which facilitates supervision and guarantees quality and due execution of the projects. ТОТЕМА provides solutions which: - ensure optimum grinding of different types of coal and high efficiency of the mills; - guarantee stable and efficient combustion with low NOx emissions for a wide-range of boiler loads and coal parameters; - guarantee efficient combustion of fuel oil and natural gas as basic or ignition fuel in modern burner systems of excellent safety and reliability; - prevent boiler parts from high and low temperature corrosion - prevent slagging and fouling of boiler furnaces and heat surfaces; - prevent erosion of pulverisers and heat exchange surfaces; - help save high-quality supporting fuel; - extend the life of boiler pressure parts - lower on-site electricity consumption. Based on theoretical, pilot and operational studies and digital process simulations, the company’s team has developed for the last 30 years a number design and operation solutions for optimizing different boiler parts operation for most of the major power plants in Bulgaria, such as Maritza East 1 TPP, Maritza East 2 TPP, Maritza East 3 TPP, Bobov Dol TPP, Varna TPP, Russe East TPP, Deven TPP and a number of thermal power plants abroad, e.g. in Slovakia, Spain, Germany, Romania, Lithuania and recently in Austalia and Indonesia. TOTEMA has been certified under OHSAS 18001:1999 and ISO 9001:2000 and has excellent references as a reliable partner.

4. HISTORY ТОТЕМА is a successor of the departments of former Public Enterprise for Automation and Modernization of Power Industry providing design, research and development, commissioning and tuning of the equipment. The company has been established in the mid 60s together with Energoproject and Energomontazh to service the expanding Power Complex in Bulgaria. The enterprise has undergone a number of transformations as follows 1967 г.-Energoremont and Energomontazh 1967 г.-Automation and Modernization of Power Infrastructure (АМЕС) 1969 г.-Centenergoremont and Automation (CERA) 1975 г.-Public Enterprise ORGRES 1979 г.-Research and Manufacturing Enterprise Techenergo 1988 г.-R&D centre for Techenergo - Toploenergetica Directorate 1990 г.-ТОТЕМА Company 1993 г.-ТОТЕМА ЕООD with a court decision from July 2, 1992 2004 г.-ТОТЕМА ЕООD was acquired by Energoremont Holding under a privatization contract from April 1, 2004 The coal-fired power plants in Bulgaria were built to burn either local low-grade lignite and brown coal e.g Republica TPP, Maritza East 1 TPP, Maritza East 2 TPP, Maritza East 3 TPP, Bobov Dol TPP, or semi-anthracite coal of low-volatile content imported from Ukraine, e. g. Varna TPP, Russe TPP. Technologies for burning Ukrainian coal had been well developed by the ex-Soviet Union experts. The lignite and brown coal mined in the country in opened and underground pits were of extremely low quality and were little known both to the established European producers and to the Bulgarian professionals. The efforts to cope with the bad coal and the foreign equipment unfit to its “unique” features created new design and technological solutions for coal processing, pulverization and efficient combustion. At the turn of the 70s and 80s ТОТЕМА rolled out a technological concept for efficient combustion without slagging of low grade coal, which was further developed and applied later in burning high grade coal with reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides. In the 80s ТОТЕМА used the technology to develop combustion systems with pulverized coal concentrators, with a staged concentration of the pulverized coal/gas mixture along the height of the burner. The first project was the modification of the pulverized fuel plants of the double - boiler 150 MW units of Maritza East 2 TPP, so that they could burn as received local lignite directly without pre-drying. Then followed the 210 МW units of Rovinari TPP in Romania, the 110 МW units of Kraiova TPP in Romania and the 500 МW units of Hagenwerder TPP in Germany modified for ensuring stable combustion without supporting fuel. In 1986-1989 the technology was applied for preventing slagging at Puentes TPP in Spain and Novaki TPP in Slovakia. The successful application of TOTEMA’s technology at Puentes power plant made a name for the company and it was invited to prepare a solution for converting the plant to a new fuel – mixture of local and imported coal from the international market. Initially, the plant envisaged reconstructing two of the units to burn imported bituminous coal, while the other two continued burning local lignite. Then ТОТЕМА’s team came up with the idea of finding coal with combustion characteristics similar to the ones for which the plant has been designed and feeding it with a mixture of the two types of coal. That was how ТОТЕМА’s professionals came to work first with the low-ash, low-sulfur PRB coal of US and then with the envirocoal of ADARO - Indonesia.

5. History-continuation In 1990 – 1991 a TOTEMA’s team took part in the combustion tests on mixtures of PRB and ADARO coal at the Puentes power plant. Then, the new project for burning a mixture of local coal and imported sub-bituminous coal was developed with the purpose of lowering sulfur dioxide emissions. The design of the coal burners and the thermal calculations of the boiler unit in the new conditions were made by TOTEMA in 1991-1993. The good results attained from burning mixtures of lignite and sub-bituminous coal with high-volatile content in tangentialfired system pulverizing the coal with fan mills in the Puentes power plant encouraged ТОТЕМА’s professionals to implement the solution at some Bulgarian plants with similar problems – Bobov Dol TPP, Maritza East 3 TPP in Dimitrovgrad, where some coal from ADARO and Russia was delivered. The tests were successful, but the combustion of blended mixture of local and imported coal was not implemented on a long-term basis. In 1992 – 1993 a TOTEMA team took part in the development of a major project for the rehabilitation of the energy complex in Bulgaria as a subcontractor of Overseas Bechtel Inc.- USA. Then TOTEMA’s team brought up the suggestion of the conversion of the Bulgarian power plants Varna TPP and Russe TPP to a new fuel – imported coal from the international coal market. The proposal for Bobov Dol TPP was to be converted to burning mixtures of local and imported coal. Later, ТОТЕМА’s experts developed a conceptual, technical and economic assessment of these alternatives for Varna TPP and Russe TPP, preparing a study on the supply of such coal jointly with ЕЕRC - UK. The proposed solution ensures at a relatively small cost regular supplies of imported fuel and solving the environmental issues of NOx and SO2 emissions. The proposed combustion technology was that of TOTEMA, but in that case milling was realized with medium speed pulverizers. The idea was approved by the international experts, but has not been realized. In the last 10 years, having sufficient experience in the efficient utilization of low grade coal, TOTEMA’s engineering professionals have taken part in the rehabilitation of the boilers in the biggest power plant on the Balkan Peninsula – Bulgarian Maritsa East 2 TPP. ТОТЕМА’s scope of services in that project included: - delivery of new pulverized coal combustion systems for the П 62 boilers; - delivery of new membrane water walls for the П 62 boilers; - delivery of new pulverized coal combustion systems for once through ПК 38-4 boilers; -delivery of new steam reheaters for the ПК 38-4 boilers; - upgrade of the air ductwork of the ПК 38-4 boilers. The project aims to achieve stable combustion and slag-free operation of the furnace at increased heat generation. For the implementation of its technological solutions ТОТЕМА worked jointly with the Thermal Power department of the Technical University of Sofia, where three-dimensional models of П 62 and ПК 38-4.boilers have been made on assignment by the company. The operation characteristics of the rehabilitated in 2000-2001 two 210 MW units and in 2006-2009 four 150 MW units are very good. Evidence of the successful implementation of TOTEMA’s technologies for low-volatile, high-grade coal combustion in a wet bottom furnace, with lower NОx emissions, is the modernisation of two boilers with a capacity of 160 t/h at the Deven TPP, owned by Belgian soda ash producer Solvay. Along with the replacement of the combustion system, the company upgraded the adjacent part of the furnace chamber mounting membrane water walls.

6. ACTIVITIES DESIGN, DELIVERY AND COMMISSIONONG OF TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR: ● pulverizing and combustion of coal of different grades; ● combustion of fuel oil and natural gas; ● modernization of heat-exchange surfaces. ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF: ● boiler equipment; ● operation of steam generators and district heating boiler; ● technical and economic parameters of power plants. DEVELOPING OF OWN SOFTWARE PRODUCTS FOR: ● calculating the heat transfer in the furnace chamber and the following heat exchangesurfaces; ● calculating the heat balance of steam generators and district heating boilers fired with solid, liquid or gas fuel; ● calculating the heat and mass balance of pulverizing systems RESEARCH, CONSULTANCY AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE for solving problems related to: ● deterioration or shortage of the design fuels; ● emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and ash; ● wearing and corrosion of the heat exchange surfaces; ● low and high temperature fouling; ● rehabilitation of the power plants and extension of the life of outdated power equipment; while ● building new and upgrading existing installations; ● tuning pulverizing and combustion equipment; ● making performance guarantee tests. REFERENCES DEVELOPING OF OWN SOFTWARE PRODUCTS RESEARCH CONSULTANCY AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTEMA’S TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT INTERNACIONAL PARTNERSHIP

7. TOTEMA’S TECHNOLOGY

8. TOTEMA’S TECHNOLOGY FOR EFFICIENT FIRING OF PULVERISED COAL MINIMIZING NITROGEN OXIDES FORMATION IN TANGENTIALLY-FIRED BOILERS The technology is based on the common, widely used by EVT, Combustion Engineering, Alstom and Russian boiler manufacturers - Podolsk and BKZ tangential firing with jet burners. The key advantage of the tangentially fired system is the single rotating flame ball in the centre of the furnace, which gives out heat uniformly independent of the fuel-air proportion in the different burners. ТОТЕМА’s contribution is in: ● staged feeding of pulverized coal into the combustion chamber with a decreasing concentration gradient at an appropriate continuously growing outflow velocity of the pulverized coal/gas mixture along the height of the burner. ● uniform distribution of combustion air along all the burners independent of whether they are in operation or not; ● staged feeding of combustion air so that temperatures in the combustion area remain constant and relatively low to ensure combustion with low emissions of nitrogen oxides. ● selection of an appropriate, high-enough outflow velocity of the secondary air in order to maintain the optimum aerodynamics in the furnace. To ensure the required distribution, the pulverized coal should be of adequate particle size – much coarser than the usually fed. It is achieved by using fan mills for grinding with flue gas for drying and transportation and inertial classifiers, regulating the size or degree of fineness of the finished product. After the classifier the coal/gas-mixture is fed to a centrifugal (swirl) pulverized coal concentrator. The concentration and the size of the fuel particles decrease from the periphery to the center of the cylinder after the swirl concentrator. Feeding the pulverized fuel-gas mixture from the outward annulus to the lowest finger of the burner, from the next annulus to the second finger and further to the third, fourth etc, a reverse gradient of grading pulverized coal along the furnace height is received. Implementing rising gradient of outlet velocities of the pf-gas mixture along the burner height, equal conditions are provided for coal particles of different size to reach the center of the furnace. Meanwhile, despite the coarser particles are fed to the bottom fingers, which are “responsible” for the stable combustion, there are enough amount of fine particles among them introduced at the bottom of the furnace at relatively low velocity, initiating by their rapid ignition enough heat for further ignition and combustion along the height of the furnace. The rising gradient of jet velocity and the reverse gradient of pulverized coal concentration counteract the tendency towards progressive jet deformation upwards in the furnace, as a result of the change in the flame viscosity and in the vertical component of the gas velocity. That prevents the expansion of the isotherms along the furnace height and staged the combustion to provide for constant, relatively low temperatures avoiding fouling and slagging of the heating surfaces above the top burner finger including those, around drying gas of-takes. ТОТЕМА’s technology is at the basis of the three-dimensional modelling of the furnace processes for a 650 t/h boiler and a 260 t/h boiler made by the Thermal Power department of the Technical University of Sofia with TOTEMA’s participation.

9. TOTEMA’S TECHNOLOGY-continuation TOТЕМА has applied its technology in developing coal firing systems for the following projects: ● 150 MW units at Maritza East 2 TPP were reconstructed for burning low grade local lignite coal without pre-drying ● 210 MW units at Bobov Dol TPP where pulverized coal combustion was optimised and furnace water walls slagging was eliminated; ● 110 MW units at Kraiova TPP and 220 MW units at Rovinari TPP in Rumania were reconstructed for stable and efficient combustion of local lignite coal without supporting fuel; ●850 t/h boilers at Hagenwerder TPP in Germany were reconstructed for increasing boiler output and improving their technical and efficiency parameters; ●110 MW units at Novaki TPP in Slovakia for eliminating furnace water walls slagging; ●350 MW units at Puentes TPP in Spain for eliminating slagging of heat-exchange surfaces; ●350 MW units at Puentes TPP in Spain for conversion to new fuel mixture; ●210 MW units at Maritza East 2 TPP for eliminating furnace water walls slagging; ● 150 MW units at Maritza East 2 TPP for increasing their heat production; ●160 t/h boiler at Deven TPP for lowering NOx emissions and ensuring stable and efficient combustion; ●220 t/h boiler and 125 t/h boiler at Republica TPP for lowering NOx emissions and ensuring stable and efficient combustion.

10. TOTEMA’S TECHNOLOGY-continuation

11. TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT TOTEMA’S COAL FIRING SYSTEMS OPERATE AT: ● 150 MW units at Maritza East 2 TPP were reconstructed for burning low grade local lignite coal without pre-drying ● 210 MW units at Bobov Dol TPP where pulverized coal combustion was optimised and furnace water walls slagging was eliminated; ● 110 MW units at Kraiova TPP and 220 MW units at Rovinari TPP in Rumania were reconstructed for stable and efficient combustion of local lignite coal without supporting fuel; ●850 t/h boilers at Hagenwerder TPP in Germany were reconstructed for increasing boiler output and improving their technical and efficiency parameters; ●110 MW units at Novaki TPP in Slovakia for eliminating furnace water walls slagging; ●350 MW units at Puentes TPP in Spain for eliminating slagging of heat-exchange surfaces; ●350 MW units at Puentes TPP in Spain for conversion to new fuel mixture; ●210 MW units at Maritza East 2 TPP for eliminating furnace water walls slagging; ● 150 MW units at Maritza East 2 TPP for increasing their heat production; ●160 t/h boiler at Deven TPP for lowering NOx emissions and ensuring stable and efficient combustion; ●220 t/h boiler and 125 t/h boiler at Republica TPP for lowering NOx emissions and ensuring stable and efficient combustion. DESIGN, DELIVERY AND COMMISSIONING OF GAS AND OIL BURNERS The burner systems supplied by TOPTEMA for high-grade fossil fuels (natural gas and fuel oil) as ignition, supporting or main fuel are highly efficient, fully automated devices designed in compliance with the latest safety and quality requirements. TOTEMA’s gas and oil burners have been installed at: • Distric heating boiler of 100 Gcal/h at Timishoara HP in Romania; • 210 MW units at Varna TPP in Bulgaria; • 220 t/h boiler at Plovdiv TPP in Bulgaria; • 210 MW units at Maritza East 3 TPP and Maritza East 2 TPP in Bulgaria; • 220 t/h boilers and 110 MW units at Russe TPP in Bulgaria; • 220 t/h and 125 t/h boilers at Republica TPP in Bulgaria.

12. TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT-continuation MODERNISATION OF HEAT-EXCHANGE SURFACES • Replacement of furnace water walls of units with upgraded burner systems at Maritza East 2 TPP; • Overall modernization of district heating boiler ПТВМ-100 by replacing all heat-exchange surfaces with membrane water walls at Vilnjus TPP in Lithuania; • Replacement and optimization of the operation of pendant multiflow superheaters of three 210 MW units boilers at Bobov Dol TPP; • Modernization of two BKZ - 160 boilers by installing new membrane water walls of the furnace and new convective heat-exchange surfaces for oil refinery Lukoil Neftochim in Burgas; • Adaptation of the reheaters of 150 MW units boilers to the new turbines increased heat rate at Maritza East 2 TPP; • Modernization a BKZ - 160 boiler by installing new membrane water walls of the furnace at Brikel EAD. • Modernization of two steam generators with a capacity of 160 t/h of steam at Deven TPP, owned by Belgian chemical group Solvay Sodi, for burning low-volatile coal in a wet bottom furnace with lower NOx emissions. The associated to the burners walls of the furnace have been replaced with new membrane water walls of the latest design and efficient insulation. • Replacement of the air heater and the economizer at Republika TPP.

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23. INTERNACIONAL PARTNERSHIP ● Bulgaria Power Complex Rehabilitation Project – with Overseas Bechtel Incorporated, US ● Evaluation of Energy Price Subsidies for Gabrovo – with Gilbert / Commonwealth, US ● Bulgarian Clean Coal Project – as a subcontractor of EERC, US ● Options of Imported Coal Supply for “Varna” PP – with IEEC, UK ● “Maritza East 3” PP 210 MW units refurbishment specification – as consultant of PB Power, UK ● Initial Performance Tests of 210 MW units at Maritza East 3 TPP, jointly with German VEAG and E.ON ● Technical cooperation in the post rehabilitation acceptance tests of the 210 MW units of Maritza East 3 TPP, jointly with German E.ON and Italy’s ENEL. ● Participation in a tender for rehabilitation of BELHATOW PP in consortium with MOSTOSTAL - Poland

24. DEVELOPING OF OWN SOFTWARE PRODUCTS Application software for calculating heat transfer in the furnace and the following heat surfaces When new boiler equipment is designed or modifications of an existing facility are planned it is necessary to make heat and mass balance of the boiler and of the pulverized coal system. ТОТЕМА has developed its own universal software product for calculating the heat exchange in water heating and steam generating boilers, firing solid, liquid or gas fuels. The product determines the efficiency of the boiler as well as the fuel, water, steam, air and flue gas flows. The temperature of the flue gas along the height of the furnace is determined by taking into consideration step by step (staged) feeding of the fuel and air and the fuel combustion “by zones”. It is a simple and reliable method of successive approximations, which was developed by ТОТЕМА in compliance with the requirements for the distribution of the coal powder and the drying gas along the height of the furnace and the technology of efficient combustion of pulverized coal with low emissions of nitrogen oxides. The method allows calculating the temperatures of the flue gases and the concentration of oxygen along the height of the furnace as well as assessing the required conditions for maintaining efficient combustion, so that low enough and relatively constant temperatures of the flue gas are obtained along the height of the furnace to prevent slagging and minimize nitrogen oxide formation. TOTEMA’s method of calculating heat transfer in the furnace “by zones” has been developed and verified for coal fired furnaces with tiered burners, without constraints as to the size of the furnace or the coal grade. The drop in temperatures along the gas duct beyond the furnace is calculated by iteration. The boiler parameters estimated by the heat calculations of TOTEMA coincide with sufficient accuracy with the operation results.

25. DEVELOPING OF OWN SOFTWARE PRODUCTS-continuation Application software for calculating the heat balance of steam generators and district heating boilers fired with solid, liquid or gas fuels The software, developed in compliance with DIN 1942/1994 standards for Guarantee Performance Testing of Boilers, is used for processing the results of the operation tests of boilers – for guarantee performance testing, for assessing the conditio of different boiler elements, for assessing the quality of repair works, for assessing the technical and efficiency parameters. Application software for calculating pulverized coal system heat balance The software is used for developing new projects and selecting technologies and equipment for coal processing (grinding and drying) as well as for assessing the condition and the capacity of the existing equipment when the quality of fuel or the heat output of the boiler are changed. Combined with the “by zone” calculation of the heat transfer in the furnace, it gives input data for accurate calculation of the thermal characteristics of the heat exchange surfaces.

26. RESEARCH CONSULTANCY AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE • Power Complex Rehabilitation Project in Bulgaria - in partnership with Overseas Bechtel Incorporated, US. • Evaluation of Energy Price Subsidies - jointly with Gilbert/ Commonwealth, US • Bulgarian Clean Coal Project - jointly with EERC, US • Options of Imported Coal Supply for Varna TPP - jointly with IEEC, UK • Technical and Efficiency Sssessment of the Conversion Project for Varna TPP • Consultant of PB Power UK in “Maritza East 3” TPP 210 MW Units Refurbishment Specification. • Initial Performance Tests of 210 MW units at Maritza East 3 TPP, jointly with German VEAG and E.ON • Technical cooperation in the post rehabilitation acceptance tests of the 210 MW units of Maritza East 3 TPP, jointly with German E.ON and Italy’s Enel.

27. Gallery The oil and gas burner systems designed by TOTEMA for the 210 MW units at Varna TPP, the 110 MW unit and boilers with 220 t/h steam capacity in Russe TPP are fully automated, with an excellent reliability to guarantee efficient combustion of fuel oil or natural gas as an ignition fuel.. ТОТЕМА’s solutions contributed to eliminating slagging of heat exchange surfaces at the 350MW units of Puentes TPP in Spain in the 1987-1989 period Due to TOTEMA’s upgrade, the coal burner systems of the 210 MW units of Maritza East 2 TPP have been operating efficiently since 2ООО. NOx emissions after the reconstruction of 210 MW units of Maritza East 2 TPP The scope of work implemented by ТОТЕМА for the rehabilitation of the 150 MW units of Maritza East 2 TPP includes: • basic and detailed engineering assessment of the new coal burner systems; • basic and detailed engineering of a new intermediate superheater; • optimization of the combustion air ductwork. Modernization of two steam generators with a capacity of 160 t/h of steam at Deven TPP, owned by Belgian chemical group Solvay Sodi, for burning low-volatile coal in a wet bottom furnace with lower NOx emissions. The associated walls of the furnace have been replaced with new membrane water walls of the latest design and efficient insulation.

28. Gallery-continuation Reconstruction of a 55 MW steam generator of Toplofikacia Pernik for burning high-ash content fuel from the Pernik and Chukurovo mines, resulting in stable and efficient combustion with lower than 120mg/Nm3 emissions of NOx. Engineering, Manufacture of the elements and Assembling of steel construction of FBB in Deven PP - Solvay Sodi Initial Performance Tests of 210 MW units at Maritza East 3 TPP, jointly with German VEAG and E.ON Technical cooperation in the post rehabilitation acceptance tests of the 210 MW units of Maritza East 3 TPP, jointly with German E.ON and Italy’s Enel. TOTEMA realises a complete cycle - from engineering assessment and feasibility study TOTEMA realises a complete cycle - through design, delivery, supervising of manufacturing and assemblage to commissioning “turn key”. Delivery of 5 mw pulverised fuel burners for CIUDEN FUNDACION test facility for advanced technologies for CO2 capture in coal power generation – CIUDAD DE LA ENERGIA - SPAIN.

29. CONTACT TOTEMA Ltd. 14 Kozloduy St Sofia 1202 Phone: +359 2 931 4074 Fax: +359 2 832 6174 e-mail: TOTEMA@INTECH.BG web: http://www.totema.point.bg