PHP Intro/Overview

1. PHP Intro/Overview Squirrel Book pages 33-87

2. Server-side Scripting Everything you need to know in one slide • Web server (with PHP “plug-in”) gets a URL request: http://www.site.com/page.php • Web server see’s that the page is .php • PHP Pre-processor searches the page for PHP code and executes the code. • Web server sends back the output of the PHP code, not the code itself.

3. PHP Basics • PHP code can go anywhere in an HTML document as long as its in a PHP tag • Example <h1><?php echo “Hello World”; ?></h1>

4. PHP Variables • Variables do NOT have strict typing • Unless math operations are used, variables are strings by default • Variables must start with $ <?php $x = “Hello World”; echo $x; ?>

5. Commenting • 3 Types // Comment # Comment /* Comment Comment */

6. Print and Echo • Print can print strings print “42”; • Echo is more robust than print, it can print numbers and more than one parameter, separated by commas echo 42; // This will actually print 42 $x = “is” echo “The answer ”, $x, “ ”, 42;

7. Single Quotes vs. Double • These are the same… print “This works.”; print ‘This works also.’; • This makes it easy to print quotes print “Here is a ‘single quote’ ”; print ‘Here is a “double quote” ’;

8. New lines • The string variable $var contains a new line character  “Hello there\n sir!” $var = “Hello there sir!”; • Introducing new lines breaks makes it easer to write SQL queries that work…

9. SQL Example $query = “ SELECT max(orderid) FROM orders WHERE custid = $ID”; • If you send this query string to some database servers it is important that the new line characters are in the string.

10. Variables in strings $x = 256 // “My computer has 256 MB ram.” $message = “My computer has $x MB ram.”; // “My computer has.” $message = “My computer has $xMB ram.”; Why?

11. Variables in strings $x = 256 // “My computer has.” $message = “My computer has $xMB ram.”; // “My computer has 256MB ram.” $message = “My computer has {$x}MB ram.”;

12. Variables in strings Using { } is very important when trying to include complex variables into other strings. $message = “Mars has a diameter of {$planets[‘Mars’][‘dia’]}.”;

13. Integers $var1 = 10; Floats $var2 = 6.1; Boolean $var3 = true; String $var4 = “true”; $var5 = ‘true’; $var6 = ‘10’; $var7 = “6.1”; Variables

14. Constants define(“PI”, 3.14159); print PI; // outputs 3.14159 Notice that constants don’t have $ Convention: Use all CAPS for constants BTW, PHP is case sensitive

15. Expression and Operators • Same as most high-level languages $z = 3; $x = 1; $y = 5.3; $z = $x + $y; $z++; $x += $y + 10; $z = $x * 10;

16. String concatenation • Not the same as JavaScript! $var1 = “Hello”; $var2 = “ world”; $var3 = $var1 + $var2; //This won’t work $var3 = $var1 . $var2;

17. Conditionals (if statements) • Same as other high-level languages if ($var < 5) { print “The variable is less than 5”; }

18. Compound conditionals if ($x == 1) { print “x is 1”; } elseif ($x == 2) { //  Notice elseif is one word print “x is 2”; } else { print “x is not 1 and not 2”; }

19. While $c = 0; while ($c < 10) { print $c . “ ”; $c++; } For for ($c = 0; $c < 10; $c++) { print $c . “ ”; } Loops

20. Loops: break for ($c = 0; $c < 10; $c++) { print $c . “ ”; if ($c == 5) break; }

21. Type Conversion $year = 2003; // This is an integer $yearString = strval($year); // $yearString is “2003” not an integer

22. Type Conversion • string strval(any other datatype) • integer intval(any other datatype) • float floatval(any other datatype)

23. Implicit type conversion • $var = “100” + 15; • $var = 100 + 15.0; • $var = 39 . “ Steps”; • $var = 39 + “ Steps”;

24. Implicit type conversion • $var = “100” + 15; // $var becomes int • $var = 100 + 15.0; // $var becomes float • $var = 39 . “ Steps”; // $var becomes string • $var = 39 + “ Steps”; // error

25. Functions // Function definition function fname ($parameter1, $parameter2) { code; code; … return $returnvalue; } // Function call $x = fname(1,2);

26. Variable Scope (visibility) • Same as Java • Same as C++ function fun($x) { $temp = $x + 1; } fun(5); print “temp is: $temp”;