Unit 12 Crossing Culture

1. Unit 12 Crossing Culture

2. Outline • Text A Conversation: Are We Dating? • Text B The Influence of Culture • Exercises

3. Text A Conversation: Are We Dating? • Date: v. to spend time with someone you have a romantic relationship with 约会 e.g. They were dating for five years before they got married. How long have you been dating Nicky?

4. Text A: An Overview • Alvaro Jaramillo from a university in Mexico has come to the United States for a three-day conference held by Rita’s department. Yesterday, Rita invited Alvaro to join her for dinner, and tonight they’re meeting at Shalimar, a popular Indian restaurant. Though Rita has explained how to get there from his hotel, Alvaro still can not find the restaurant. So he asks Ryan, a passerby, for direction.

5. Alvaro: Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me where Main Street is? I’m looking for Shalimar, an Indian restaurant. • Ryan: Oh, Shalimar, that’s a good place. Turn left at the second light and then go straight for two blocks. Shalimar is on the corner. • Alvaro: Is it far? • Ryan: No. It's only a five-minute walk. • Alvaro: Thanks a lot.

6. (At the restaurant) • Rita: Hi, there! Glad you could make it! I was a little concerned. • Alvaro: What time is it? Am I late? • Rita: It’s almost 7:30. You’re only 20 minutes or so late, so it’s no big deal. • Alvaro: In Mexico people are usually at least 20 minutes late. If people decide to meet at 7, no one will be there until 7:30, maybe even 8 o’clock.

7. Rita: You are kidding! Most of the people I know get upset if I’m more than 10 or 15 minutes late. • Alvaro: I assume most Latin Americans are just not as concerned with time. • Rita: I suppose you are right. • Alvaro: In fact, this whole experience is pretty strange. • Rita: What do you mean?

8. Alvaro: Well, in my country, women don’t invite men to dinner very often. • Rita: Really? I suppose there are a lot of women in the U.S. who won’t ask men out either. But there are a lot of women who like doing it, like me. I like to decide who I want to spend my time with and how. Whenever a guy asks me out, that usually means he’s the one in charge.

9. Alvaro: So, are you in charge tonight? You asked me out, you picked the restaurant, you reserved the table… • Rita: Come on! Quit giving me a hard time. I figured you are here by yourself and probably sick of your hotel room. I’m just trying to be nice… • Alvaro: So this isn’t a real date? • Rita: Not at all!

10. Alvaro: I just needed to make sure, you know? People in Mexico don’t usually go on, how do I say it, this sort of casual date. • Rita: People here do it all the time, you know. • Alvaro: At home I would go out with a group of friends if I just wanted to have fun, but going out with just one woman would automatically be considered a date.

11. Rita: So, what looks good to you? • Alvaro: I don’t know what I want. I’m actually not very hungry yet. This is a little early for me. • Rita: What are you talking about? It’s almost 8 o’clock. I’m starving! • Alvaro: Is this late for you? I usually don’t have dinner until 9 or later.

12. Detailed reading • Alvaro Jaramillo from a university in Mexico has come to the United States for a three-day conference held by Rita’s department. • Yesterday, Ritainvited Alvaro to join her for dinner, and tonight they’re meeting at Shalimar, a popular Indian restaurant. Though Rita has explained how to get there from his hotel, Alvaro still can not find the restaurant. So he asks Ryan, a passerby, for direction.

13. Alvaro Jaramillo from a university in Mexico has come to the United States for a three-day conference held by Rita’s department. • a three-day conference held by Rita’s department: 过去分词held做定语修饰conference

14. Conference: n. a meeting in which matters are discussed formally 会议 e.g. a conference on women's rights They frequently hold conferences at that hotel. • be in conference (formal) to be in a meeting Ms O'Neill isn't available at present. She's in conference.

15. Yesterday, Rita invited Alvaro to join her for dinner, and tonight they’re meeting at Shalimar, a popular Indian restaurant. • join her for dinner e.g. Would you like to join us for fun? • Indian restaurant 印度餐馆

16. Though Rita has explained how to get there from his hotel, Alvaro still can not find the restaurant. • though conj. 尽管 • explained how to get there…动词不定式 • still: 仍然

17. So he asks Ryan, a passerby, for direction. • passerby: n. someone who is going past a particular place, especially when something unusual happens 过路人 e.g. The gunmen opened fire, killing a policeman and a passer-by. • ask sb. for direction 问路

18. direction: instructions that you give to someone about how to find a particular place e.g. Can you give me directions to your house? "Did you have any difficulty finding the theatre?" "No, your directions were excellent."

19. 来自墨西哥某高校的阿尔瓦罗·雅拉米罗来美国参加一个为期三天的会议，会议主办方是丽塔所就读的系。昨天，丽塔邀请阿尔瓦罗共进晚餐，今天，他们在莎乐美，一家知名的印度餐厅见面。虽然丽塔已经向阿尔瓦罗解释了怎么从酒店前往此处，可他还是找不着。于是，他向路人赖安问路。来自墨西哥某高校的阿尔瓦罗·雅拉米罗来美国参加一个为期三天的会议，会议主办方是丽塔所就读的系。昨天，丽塔邀请阿尔瓦罗共进晚餐，今天，他们在莎乐美，一家知名的印度餐厅见面。虽然丽塔已经向阿尔瓦罗解释了怎么从酒店前往此处，可他还是找不着。于是，他向路人赖安问路。

20. Alvaro: Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me where Main Street is? I’m looking for Shalimar, an Indian restaurant. • Ryan: Oh, Shalimar, that’s a good place. Turn left at the second light and then go straight for two blocks. Shalimar is on the corner. • Alvaro: Is it far? • Ryan: No. It's only a five-minute walk. • Alvaro: Thanks a lot.

21. Conversation skill: asking for and giving directions 问路 --Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me where Main Street is? I’m looking for Shalimar, an Indian restaurant. --Oh, Shalimar, that’s a good place. Turn left at the second light and then go straight for two blocks. Shalimar is on the corner.

22. Can you tell me where Main Street is? • Can you tell me后接where引导的宾语从句，句子用正常语序 • Turn left at the second light (traffic light) • go straight for two blocks (街区) • on the corner 在转角处 E.g. • Then we passed the bookshop on the corner. • It's on the corner opposite the hospital.

23. It's only a five-minute walk. • five-minute walk 走路5分钟的距离，也可以说five minutes’ walk. • 10-minute/ 10 minutes’ drive 开车10分钟 • 用于回答how far有关的问句。 Conversation: • How far is it from here? • It’s within walking distance.

24. 阿尔瓦罗：对不起，先生。您能告诉我缅因街怎么走吗？我在找莎乐美，一家印度餐厅。阿尔瓦罗：对不起，先生。您能告诉我缅因街怎么走吗？我在找莎乐美，一家印度餐厅。 • 赖安：哦，莎乐美，那个地方不错。在第二个交通灯处向左转，然后直走两个街区。莎乐美就在转角处。 • 阿尔瓦罗：远吗？ • 赖安：不远，走路5分钟。 • 阿尔瓦罗：谢谢您。

25. (At the restaurant) • Rita: Hi, there! Glad you could make it! I was a little concerned. • Alvaro: What time is it? Am I late? • Rita: It’s almost 7:30. You’re only 20 minutes or so late, so it’s no big deal. • Alvaro: In Mexico people are usually at least 20 minutes late. If people decide to meet at 7, no one will be there until 7:30, maybe even 8 o’clock.

26. Hi, there! Glad you could make it! I was a little concerned. • Hi, there! 嗨，你（们）好！用于打招呼，网络互动中常见。 • Glad you could make it! • make it v. <口>获得成功，达到预定目标, 及时抵达e.g. The train goes at10.15. I think we shall make it.火车10点1刻开，我想我们能赶上。 Give me a chance. I can make it. 给我个机会，我能做到。

27. concerned adj.worried 关心的 担忧的 e.g. I'm a bit concerned about/for your health. He was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving. Concerned parents held a meeting.忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会。 concerned也可以表示“与……有关”e.g. as far as… is concerned 就……而言 Where money is concerned, I always try to be very careful. 在有关钱的问题上，我总是尽量 小心谨慎。

28. You’re only 20 minutes or so late, so it’s no big deal. • 20 minutes late 迟到20分钟 • or so： about 大约 e.g. There are 300 students or so in this middle school.这所中学大约有300个学生。 • it’s no big deal: It’s not a serious problem. 什么大不了的。e.g. We'll have to pay a little more - it's no big deal.

29. In Mexico people are usually at least 20 minutes late. • At least : 至少e.g. • He ate at least three apples. • This car will cost you at least 300 thousand Yuan. • You might at least apologize. • compare: at most 至多

30. If people decide to meet at 7, no one will be there until 7:30, maybe even 8 o’clock. • … no one will be there until 7:30，7:30以前没有人来 • no one 没有人 • no one vs. none

31. no one vs none • none相当于nobody或nothing，既可指人，也可指物，用于对三者或三者以上的人或物的否定，其后可接of短语；当它作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。例如： • None of us are(is)interested in this book． 我们对这本书都不感兴趣。 • None of the food was bad．食物都没有坏。 • I like none of these books．这些书我都不喜欢。

32. no one相当于nobody,只能指人，不能指物，其后不可接of短语，语气比none更强烈。当它作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： • No one knows where Jack has gone．没有人知道杰克到哪去了。 • No one likes the film．没有人喜欢那部影片。 　

33. none用来回答以how many或how much开头的问句；noone用来回答以who开头的问句。例如： 　　How many students are there in the room?房间里有几个人? None．一个人也没有。 　　Who will go to the party?谁要去参加那个聚会? No one．没有人。

34. His father has bought many books home, but _______ is easy enough for him to read.  A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one • She doesn't know anyone here. She has got______to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one A D

35. （在餐厅） • 丽塔：嗨，这里！真高兴你来了，我还有些担心呢。 • 阿尔瓦罗：现在几点了？我来晚了吗？ • 丽塔：快7点半了，你只晚了20分钟，没什么大不了的。 • 阿尔瓦罗：在墨西哥，人们通常至少要迟到20分钟。如果决定7点见面，没有人会在7：30甚至8点之前到的。

36. Rita: You are kidding! Most of the people I know get upset if I’m more than 10 or 15 minutes late. • Alvaro: I assume most Latin Americans are just not as concerned with time. • Rita: I suppose you are right. • Alvaro: In fact, this whole experience is pretty strange. • Rita: What do you mean? • Alvaro: Well, in my country, women don’t invite men to dinner very often.

37. You are kidding!Most of the people I know get upset if I’m more than 10 or 15 minutes late. • You are kidding! 你一定是在开玩笑吧！表示惊讶、不相信。也可以说： You must be kidding me! You must be joking. Are you kidding me?

38. get upset: • upset: adj. afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief 烦燥的,不高兴 • I‘m always upset when I don’t get any mail.我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 • upset 做名词：Last-minute changes caused a great deal of upset.出现的临时变动造成一片混乱。 • upset作动词：The news quite upset him.这消息使他心烦意乱。

39. I assume most Latin Americans are just not as concerned with time. • assume: v. to accept something to be true without question or proof e.g. I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school. Let's assume (that) they're coming and make plans on that basis.

40. Latin America: 拉丁美洲 • not as concerned with time 这是一个省略句，省略用来进行比较的as Americans • as… as 与…..一样，用于比较句型,中间插入的是形容词或副词的原级。意思是“达到与什么相同的程度”。Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。 • 否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如： This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

41. I suppose you are right. • suppose v. 想, 设想, 猜测; 认为, 以为 e.g. I suppose you are right. Let's suppose (that) the news is true. • be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 e.g. You are supposed to sumbit your writing before the end of this month.

42. In fact, this whole experience is pretty strange. • in fact 实际上 • this whole experience 整个的经验 • pretty: adv. 相当

43. 丽塔：开玩笑吧！如果我迟到10或15分钟，我认识的大多数人都会心烦意乱的。丽塔：开玩笑吧！如果我迟到10或15分钟，我认识的大多数人都会心烦意乱的。 • 阿尔瓦罗：我想大多数拉美人对时间没有那么关注。 • 丽塔：我想你是对的。 • 阿尔瓦罗：实际上这整个经验都很奇怪。 • 丽塔：你指什么？ • 阿尔瓦罗：哦，在我们国家，女人们通常不大邀请男人吃饭。

44. Rita: Really? I suppose there are a lot of women in the U.S. who won’t ask men out either. But there are a lot of women who like doing it, like me. I like to decide who I want to spend my time with and how. Whenever a guy asks me out, that usually means he’s the one in charge.

45. I suppose there are a lot of women in the U.S. who won’t ask men out either. But there are a lot of women who like doing it, like me. • there are a lot of women who…定语从句 • ask men out 约男人出去 • either adv. 也，用于否定句 e.g. It's not as heavy, either.这也不那么重。

46. But there are a lot of women who like doing it, like me. • 两个like，第一个是动词，喜欢，用于like to do/ doing sth.第二个是介词，“好像”。e.g. • We like our work to be justly evaluated.我们喜欢别人公正的评价我们的工作。 • Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music.她和我一样，各种音乐都喜爱。 • He is a like a son to her. 他对她就像是儿子。

47. I like to decide who I want to spend my time with and how. • who I want to spend my time with是decide的宾语从句，此句中with不可省略，因为spend my time with sb. • and how在此为省略句，即and how to spend my time。

48. Whenever a guy asks me out, that usually means he’s the one in charge. • he’s the one in charge，in charge修饰the one，the one是代词，指人 • whenever 无论何时 • in charge:

49. whenever: adverb , conjunction:every or any time无论何时 e.g. I blush whenever I think about it. Whenever I go there they seem to be in bed. I try to use olive oil whenever possible.

50. in charge: being the person who has control of or is responsible for someone or something e.g. Who will be in charge of the department when Sophie leaves? I left Jack in charge of the suitcases while I went to get the tickets.