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Old English Pétur Knútsson 2005 week 1

Old English Pétur Knútsson 2005 week 1. Venerable Bede Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. Angles, Jutes and Saxons. Baker 1. Northern, Eastern and Western Germanic. Baker 3. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences:. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences:.

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Old English Pétur Knútsson 2005 week 1

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  1. Old English Pétur Knútsson 2005 week 1

  2. Venerable Bede Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum Angles, Jutes and Saxons Baker 1

  3. Northern, Eastern and Western Germanic Baker 3

  4. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences:

  5. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences: 1 Nom. sg –az ending. Proto-Germanic *wulfaz (Latin lupus, vulpes fox) Western: Old English wulf Northern: Icelandic úlfr Eastern: Gothic wulfs Lost in Old English

  6. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences: 1 Nom. sg –az ending 2 3rd pers sg ending Proto-Germanic -si, -ti Western: Old English þú bindest hé bindeð Northern: Icelandic (þú) bindr (hann) bindr Eastern: Gothic þu bindis is bindiþ 2 → 3 in Icelandic

  7. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences: 1 Nom. sg –az ending 2 3rd pers sg ending 3 Definite article Western: Old English se wulf Northern: Icelandic úlfr-inn Eastern: Gothic sa wulfs Suffixed in Icelandic

  8. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences: 1 Nom. sg –az ending 2 3rd pers sg ending 3 Definite article 4 z from Verner’s Law Western: Old English éare Northern: Icelandic eyra Eastern: Gothic auso → r in Icelandic and Old English

  9. Pyles and aAgeo mention 6 typical differences: 1 Nom. sg –az ending 2 3rd pers sg ending 3 Definite article 4 z from Verner’s Law 5 Mutation Western: Old English fót fét Northern: Icelandic fótur fæti Eastern: Gothic fótus fótáu No mutation in Gothic

  10. Pyles and Algeo mention 6 typical differences: 1 Nom. sg –az ending 2 3rd pers sg ending 3 Definite article 4 z from Verner’s Law 5 Mutation 6 ð from Verner’s Law Western: Old English fæder Northern: Icelandic faðir Eastern: Gothic faðar becomes d in Old English

  11. Vowel weakening – further Table base on Strang, p. 415

  12. Main characteristics of Germanic which distinguish it from IE • The First Germanic Consonant Shift • Vowel gradation • Nominal reduction to a 4-case system • Verbal reduction to a 2-tense system • Innovation: weak & strong declensions of adjectives • Innovation: weak verbs with "dental" past suffix • Stress fixed on the root • A common distinctive vocabulary

  13. IE nominal cases • nominative • vocative • accusative • genitive • dative • instrumental • ablative • locative

  14. Germanic nominal cases • nominative • vocative • accusative • genitive • dative • instrumental • ablative • locative

  15. Germanic nominal cases se dæg cymð – sá dagur kemur that day will come • nominative • nefnifall • accusative • þolfall • genitive • eignarfall • dative • þágufall ic geman þone dæg - ég man þann dag I remember that day se nama þæs dæges– dagsins nafn the name of the day– the day’s name on þæm dæge – á þeim degi on that day

  16. Germanic nominal cases se dæg cymð – sá dagur kemur that day will come • nominative • nefnifall • accusative • þolfall • genitive • eignarfall • dative • þágufall • (instumental) ic geman þone dæg - ég man þann dag I remember that day se nama þæs dæges– dagsins nafn the name of the day– the day’s name on þæm dæge – á þeim degi on that day (þý dæge)

  17. Seo læfdige geaf þære cweneþæs cyningeshring Frúin gaf drottningunnihringkonungsins Thelady gave the queenthe king’sring ACCUSATIVE direct object what was given NOMINATIVE subject DATIVE indirect object given to whom? GENITIVE possession

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