1 / 34

Macro-zooplankton and PlankTOM10

Macro-zooplankton and PlankTOM10. Róisín Moriarty. Amphipod. Macro-zooplankton. Physalia physalis. Ctenophores. Krill/Euphausid. Pteropod. Salp blastozooid. Pelagic polychaete. Decapod nauplii. Chaetognath. Larvacean. Fish larvae. What are macro-zooplankton?. plankton

gavan
Download Presentation

Macro-zooplankton and PlankTOM10

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Macro-zooplankton and PlankTOM10 Róisín Moriarty

  2. Amphipod Macro-zooplankton Physalia physalis Ctenophores Krill/Euphausid Pteropod Salp blastozooid Pelagic polychaete Decapod nauplii Chaetognath Larvacean Fish larvae

  3. What are macro-zooplankton? • plankton • drifting organisms • horizontal position defined by the currents within the body of water the inhabit • zoo • animal • macro • >2000μm

  4. The global carbon cycle • What factors control transport of carbon (CO2) from the surface to the deep ocean?

  5. The global carbon cycle Oceanic sink for CO2 • solubility pump • dissolution in cold waters of high latitudes • transfer via ocean circulation • release in warm or upwelling regions

  6. The global carbon cycle Natural carbon cycle • biologicalpump • C-fixation in the euphotic layer (primary production) • most is recycled • some is exported beneath (export production)

  7. Macro-zooplankton in the global carbon cycle • Why am I interested in the role macro-zooplankton play in the carbon cycle?

  8. Dynamic Green Ocean Models (DGOMs) • feedbacks between marine ecosystems and climate • understand • quantify • global biogeochemical model • PlankTOM10 • terrestrial equivalents • Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs)

  9. PlankTOM10 a dynamic green ocean model • explicit representations of ecosystem processes • account for changes caused by ecosystems • key questions • causes of glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric trace gases and aerosols • change in oceanic uptake of CO2

  10. Example of a feedback between climate and ecosystem

  11. Types of models - simple (NPZD) to complex (ecosystem)

  12. NPZD and ecosystem models • NPZD • e.g., carbon export • simple box for phyto- and zoo-plankton • ecosystem • e.g., carbon to higher trophic levels • species specific • local or regional

  13. Problems with NPZD and ecosystem models • detail • NPZD - not enough; ecosystem - too much • information • time and resources • different questions • change in nutrient supply • fisheries and higher predators

  14. PlankTOM10 - A biogeochemical model • biology as Plankton Functional Types (PFTs) PlankTOM10 Marine Ecosystem • physical processes NEMO 2.3

  15. PlankTOM10 - PFTs • Plankton Functional types (PFTs) represent biology • Biogeochemical processes are closely linked to PFT assemblages (Falkowski et al., 2003)

  16. PFTs • Explicit biogeochemical role • Distinct set of physiological process rates or environmental conditions • Behaviour of one impacts on another • Quantitative importance in one or more areas of the world ocean

  17. Macro-zooplankton and the global carbon cycle • How do macro-zooplankton function in the export of carbon from the surface layers of the ocean to the deep sea?

  18. Macro-zooplankton and carbon export • fecal pellets • sink ~100s-1000s metres per day • escape recycling • discarded feeding apparatus • discarded body parts

  19. Modelling macro-zooplankton and carbon export • characterise • physiological processes • trophic interactions • from • published results • >> round-up all available data

  20. Modelling macro-zooplankton and carbon export • physiological processes • growth • respiration • excretion • egestion (fecal pellets) • mortality • trophic interaction • feeding preferences

  21. PIC FIX COC PHA DIA MIX k k k k k k PRO k BAC k k POCs g0°C , K1/2, H, pF , aT MES k k grazing excretion, exudation & sloppy feeding 1 - ξ - MGE MGE 1 - σ MAC DOC ξ σ m0°C , bT feeding respiration mortality starvation DIC POCl

  22. Macro-zooplankton growth and respiration data

  23. Validation of PlankTOM10 • reproduce mean state and variability • CO2, O2, N2O and DMS fluxes • reproduction of the seasonal cycle • chla in today’s oceans • macro-zooplankton validation • independent data set

  24. Creating a macro-zooplankton validation data set • data search • COPEPOD NOAA (O'Brien 2005) • raw KRILLBASE (Atkinson et al. 2004) • abundance data • conversion from abundance to carbon • species specific conversions • abundance converted to carbon • all KRILLBASE data (SO) • ~5% COPEPOD data

  25. Macro-zooplankton validation data set Macro-zooplankton abundance #/L Macro-zooplankton biomass μMC

  26. Macro-zooplankton in PlankTOM10 Model macro-zooplankton biomass (μMC)

  27. Macro-zooplankton observation vs. model Model macro-zooplankton biomass μMC Observation macro-zooplankton biomass μMC

  28. Bill Sturges, Tim Jickelles and Alistair Crame Corinne Le Quéré, Erik Buitenhuis, Andrew Hirst and Eugene Murphy FAASIS students Thank you!

  29. Questions?

  30. Final remarks • Further sensitivity analysis • Submit Thesis in May/June • Outputs • 1 data set submission • 3 papers from thesis chapters • contribution to synthesis paper on metabolic rates

  31. Quick introduction • The Role of Macro-zooplankton in the Global Carbon Cycle • ~3 years • British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge

  32. Physical processes • GCM - NEMO 2.3 (Madec 2008) • horizontal resolution • 2° longitude, 1.1° latitude • LIM - thermodynamic sea-ice model (Timmermann et al. 2005) • Mixing • turbulent kinetic energy model (Gaspar et al. 1990) • sub-grid eddy induced (Gent & McWilliams 1990)

  33. PlankTOM10 • 39 biogeochemical tracers • full phosphate, silicate, carbon, oxygen & simplified iron cycles • phosphate, nitrate & ammonia fixed to Redfield ratio • nitrification & de-nitrification implicit in phosphate/ nitrate pool • dissolved compartments; inorganic nutrients, oxygen & alkalinity • detrital compartments; DOC, POCl, POCs,CaCO3, SiO2, Fe content of POCl

More Related