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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Neutral Solutions. This is where the [H+] concentration is equal to the [OH-] concentrations In pure water there is a dissociation that makes hydrogen ions [H+] and hydroxide ions [OH-] H 2 O  H + + OH -. Acidic Solutions.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Neutral Solutions • This is where the [H+] concentration is equal to the [OH-] concentrations • In pure water there is a dissociation that makes hydrogen ions [H+] and hydroxide ions [OH-] H2O  H+ + OH-

  3. Acidic Solutions • In an acidic solution the concentration of hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions • [H+] > [OH-]

  4. Basic Solutions (Alkaline Solutions) • In a basic solution the concentration of hydroxide ions is greater than the concentration of hydrogen ions • [H+] < [OH-]

  5. The pH scale • The pH scale is used to indicate the acidity and basicity of a solution Neutral Acid Basic

  6. pH Scale • Acids • pH lower than 7 • [H+] greater than 1 x 10 -7 moles/liter • [OH-] lower than 1 x 10-7 moles/liter • Bases • pH greater than 7 • [H+] lower than 1 x 10-7 moles/liter • [OH-] greater than 1 x 10-7 moles/liter • Neutral • pH = 7 • [H+] = [OH-] = 1 x 10 -7 moles/liter

  7. Buffers • Buffers resist pH changes • Buffer is a chemical that take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions • Buffers are made up of weak acids and their conjugate base

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