Figure 3.6

1. Secretion byexocytosis Proteins in cisterna Rough ER Lysosome fuses withingested substances Cisterna Membrane Transportvesicle Golgi vesicle containingdigestive enzymesbecomes a lysosome Pathway 3 Pathway 2 Golgiapparatus Secretory vesicles Pathway 1 Golgi vesicle containingmembrane componentsfuses with the plasmamembrane Proteins Golgi vesicle containingproteins to be secretedbecomes a secretoryvesicle Plasma membrane Extracellular fluid Figure 3.6

2. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Lysosomes • Contain enzymes that digest worn-out or nonusable materials within the cell

3. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Peroxisomes • Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes • Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde • Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) • Replicate by pinching in half

4. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton • Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm • Provides the cell with an internal framework Figure 3.7a

5. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton • Three different types of elements • Microfilaments (largest) • Intermediate filaments • Microtubules (smallest) Figure 3.7b–d

6. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Centrioles • Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules • Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

7. Cellular Projections • Not found in all cells • Used for movement • Cilia move materials across the cell surface • Located in the respiratory system to move mucus • Flagella propel the cell • The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm

8. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8a

9. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8b

10. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8c

11. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8d

12. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8e

13. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8f