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The German Case System

The German Case System. Kasus. Grammatik: German Case system. Nominative Case. Ask yourself: who or what before the verb: Subject The dog bites the man Who bites the man? The dog. (subject, nominative). Grammatik: German Case system. Nominativobjekt:

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The German Case System

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  1. The German Case System Kasus

  2. Grammatik: German Case system • Nominative Case. Ask yourself: who or what before the verb: Subject The dog bites the man Who bites the man? The dog. (subject, nominative)

  3. Grammatik: German Case system Nominativobjekt: Auf Deutsch fragt man: wer oder was? Der Hund beißt den Mann Wer beißt den Mann Der Hund. (Nominativobjekt)

  4. Grammatik: German Case system • Accusative Case Ask yourself: whom or what after the verb: direct object The dog bites the man. The dog bites whom? The man (direct object, accusative).

  5. Grammatik: German Case system Akkusativobjekt Auf deutsch fragt man wen oder was: Der Hund beißtden Mann. Wen beißt der Hund? Den Mann (Akkusativobjekt)

  6. word order versus articles Summary: English case is governed by word order Dog bites Man Subject: dog Direct object: man Subject: man Direct object: dog

  7. word order versus articles Summary: German case governed by inflection of articles, not word order Der Hund beißt den Mann Nominative case (subject): der Hund Accusative case (direct object): den Mann

  8. word order versus articles Summary: German case governed by inflection of articles, not word order Den Mann beißt der Hund Nominative Case (subject): der Hund accusative case (direct object): den Mann

  9. word order versus articles Summary: German case governed by inflection of articles, not word order Den Hund beißt der Mann Nominative case (subject): der Mann Accusative case (direct object): den Hund

  10. Grammatik: German Case system • Dative Case Ask yourself to whom or for whom after the verb: indirect object. The father gives his son a Bicycle. The father gives a bicycle to whom? To his son (indirect object, dative).

  11. Grammatik: German Case system Dativobjekt Auf deutsch fragt man wem oder was: Der Vater schenkt seinem Sohn ein Fahrrad. Wem schenkt er ein Fahrrad? Seinem Sohn (Dativobjekt)

  12. Grammatik: German Case system • Genitive Case Ask yourself whose or of what after a noun: Possessive object. The name of the City is Karlsruhe. The name of what is Karlsruhe? the Name of the city (possessive object)

  13. Grammatik: German Case system • Genitive Case Ask yourself whose or of what after a noun: Possessive. My wife’s sister is German Whose sister is German? My wife’s sister. (possessive object)

  14. Grammatik: German Case system • Genitivobjekt Auf deutsch fragt man wessen. Die Schwester meiner Frau ist Deutsche. Wessen Schwester ist Deutsche? die Schwester meiner Frau. (Genitivobjekt).

  15. Other Uses of Nominative Case Predicate Nominative • Nouns that follow the following verbs take the nominative case, i.e., “predicate nominative” • sein, bleiben, werden • Er ist mein bester Freund • Er bleibt mein bester Freund • Er wurde ein alter Mann

  16. Other Uses of Accusative Case • Expressing distance and measurement: • Wir sind eine Meile gelaufen • Das Kind ist erst einen Monat alt • After the phrase es gibt and after prepositional phrases • Es gibt diese Woche keinen Aufsatz • Ich bin durch den Park gelaufen

  17. Other uses of Dative Case • Verbs with Dative Objects: Many verbs take a dative object when one might expect an accusative object in English. • Ich danke dir. • Der Detektiv ist dem Dieb gefolgt. • Das schadet dir nicht. • glauben takes dative object with people, accusative object with things • Ich glaube ihm nicht • Ich glaube seine Antwort nicht

  18. Other uses of Dative Case • Some German verbs take a dative object that would be the subject in English • fehlen Das Geld fehlt uns • we lack the money • gefallen Der Film hat den Kritikern nicht gefallen • The critics didn’t like the film • gelingen Die Aufgabe gelingt den Kindern • The children succeed in doing the task • Leid tun Er tut mir Leid • I feel sorry for him

  19. Other uses of Dative Case • Some Verbs with ent-, nach-, bei-, and zu as prefix • Der Hund ist seinem Herrchen entlaufen • Wir müssen dem Hund nachlaufen • Ich stimme dir zu • Ich trete morgen dem neuen Sportverein bei

  20. Other uses of Genitive Case • Verbs with genitive objects • Diese Sache bedarf unserer Aufmerksamkeit • this matter demands our attention • Der Film erfreut großer Beliebtheit • The film is enjoying great popularity • Some prepositions take genitive objects • Wir tun es trotz des Widerstands

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