Discussion and Status of the Landfill Methane Capture Strategy to Reduce California Greenhouse Gases

1. Discussion and Status of the Landfill Methane Capture Strategy to Reduce California Greenhouse Gases California Integrated Waste Management Board October 21, 2008

2. Landfill Methane Capture Strategy • Established by the Climate Action Team March 2006 • The Strategy includes the following components: • Install new methane control systems at landfills currently without systems; • Maximize landfill methane capture efficiencies through optimizing landfill design, operation, and closure/postclosure practices; and • Increase recovery of landfill gas that is currently flared as a biomass renewable energy source to avoid emissions from fossil fuel energy sources.

3. Landfill Methane Capture Strategy 6.3 MMTCO2E (1990- 1.5% of net emissions) 5.6 MMTCO2E (2004- 1.2%)

4. Install New Methane Control Systems at Landfills Currently Without Systems • Landfill Methane Control Measure (ARB) • Workgroup Meeting: September 12, 2008 • Applies to All Landfills Greater than 450,000 tons of Waste In Place • Main Discussion Topics/Highlights • Cut-off Date for Existing Landfills Affected by the Measure • Surface Emissions Performance Standard – 3 proposals • Proposal #1 – 3 options • Proposal #2 – 200 PPM instantaneous and specified corrective action schedule • Proposal #3 - 2 options

5. Install New Methane Control Systems at Landfills Currently Without Systems (cont.) • Landfill Methane Control Measure (cont.) • Timeline for Measure Development • Next Public Workshop: October 2008 • Staff Report: Late December 2008 • Board Meeting: January 2008 • Anticipated Effective Date: Fall 2009 • More Information: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/landfills/landfills.htm • Contacts: Renaldo Crooks rcrooks@arb.ca.gov 916 327-5618 Richard Boyd rboyd@arb.ca.gov 916-322-8285

6. Maximize Landfill Methane Capture Efficiencies • Technologies and Management Practices Guidance Document • Available online at http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1268 • Compost Cover at Landfills Methane Emissions Reduction Demonstration Project • Awarded to Yolo County in April 2008 • Contract Suspended July 31, 2008, Work has not started. • Improve Emissions Measurement Methods

7. Improving Emissions Measurement Methods • California Energy Commission’s PIER Program Study: Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California • Goal: Develop an improved GHG inventory methodology for landfill methane emissions in California, based on a field-validated emissions model inclusive of seasonal methane oxidation. • 3-year Project (2007 – 2010); Project Participants: Jean Bogner, Kurt Spokas, Jeff Chanton • Includes 3 tasks: • Template for collecting site-specific data; • Theoretical/empirical modeling development; and • Field validation of methodology.

8. Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California “Landfill CH4 Emissions in California: Developing an Improved Field-Validated Methodology for a Regional GHG Inventory,” Jean Bogner, California Climate Change Conference, September 2008

9. Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California Source: M. 1986. Measurement of Gaseous Emissions Rates from Land Surfaces using an Emission Isolation Flux Chamber, User's Guide, EPA Users Guide, (EPA 600/8-86/008)

10. Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California • Progress To Date • Data Template Developed and Tested • Environmental Simulation/Meteorology Models Selected (Global TempSIM, Global RainSIM, SOLARCALC) • Soil Microclimate Modeling: Moisture, Temperature (USDA Soil Temperature & Moisture Model) • Methane Emissions/Oxidation Model (1-D Diffusion based on concentration gradient through cover soils and harmonic averaging method for effective diffusivity) • Field Validation: 855 fluxes and over 2,000 incubations

11. Maximize Landfill Methane Capture Efficiencies • Environmental Protection Agency OTM 10 for Landfill Applications: Optical Remote Sensing • EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-point Source Measurements • Category C: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/tmethods.html • Have not yet be subject to the Federal Rule Making Process • Reviewed by the Emission Measurement Center staff and found to be potentially useful to the emission measurement community • Project Partners: U.S. EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, and Alternative Natural Technologies

12. EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement “Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications, Interim Report, Presentation” US EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, Alternative Natural Technologies; Global Waste Management Symposium; September 2008

13. EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement “Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications, Interim Report, Presentation” US EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, Alternative Natural Technologies; Global Waste Management Symposium; September 2008

14. EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement • Challenges/Questions Regarding the Method • What is the best optical configuration for large sources? • What area is measured (plume capture)? • What factors affect plume capture? • How do we separate top and side slope emissions? • How do we estimate emissions per unit area?

15. EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement • Objective : Inform revisions to method • Test optimal configurations • Produce tracer release validation data on plume capture • Increase knowledge of meteorology and topography effects • Provide real-world feedback on method use

16. EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement “Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications, Interim Report, Presentation” US EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, Alternative Natural Technologies; Global Waste Management Symposium; September 2008

17. EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement • Summary and Next Steps • EPA and Waste Management working to optimize OTM 10 for landfill applications • Studies are in Progress in 2008: • Test four corners configuration • Produce tracer validation data on plume capture • Increase understanding of meteorology and topography effects • Continue work on database and method development • Suggest revisions to OTM 10 for large landfill applications

18. Increase Recovery of Landfill Gas for Use as a Biomass Renewable Energy Source • Landfill Gas to Liquefied Natural Gas Projects • Gas Technology Institute – Altamont Landfill • $740,000 CIWMB Grant Award • 13,000 gallons per day production facility • Anticipated Project Commissioning: May 2009 • Prometheus Energy – F.R. Bowerman Landfill • $640,000 ARB Grant Award • 5,000 gallons per day capacity • Current Production: 1,250 to 4,000 gallons per day • Other Planned Facilities: Kiefer Landfill, Sacramento County

19. Increase Recovery of Landfill Gas for Use as a Biomass Renewable Energy Source (Barriers) • South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Engine Rule 1110.2 • Amended February 1, 2008 • Purpose: To reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO) from engines. • Biogas engines are subject to Table III.

20. South Coast AQMD Engine Rule 1110.2

21. Carbon Trading Market and Landfills • California Climate Action Registry • Landfill Project Reporting and Verification Protocols Approved November 2007 • September 2008, began process to update protocol • New non-methane organic compound (NMOC) threshold • Allowance of Open Flares • Bioreactor Landfill Definition • November 2008 Board Meeting to Approve Revisions • More Information: www.climateregistry.org • Chicago Climate Exchange • Landfill Methane Emissions Offsets • Eligibility

22. Discussion and Status of the Landfill Methane Capture Strategy to Reduce California Greenhouse Gases • For additional information contact: Stephanie Young Scott Walker SYoung@ciwmb.ca.govswalker@ciwmb.ca.gov 916-341-6357 916-341-6319 California Integrated Waste Management Board October 21, 2008