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History of Computers, Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality

History of Computers, Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality. Brief History of Computers. Abacus, adding machine with gears (Pascal-17 th c), Leibniz (early 18 th c), Jacquard (loom, early 19 th c) Babbage’s Difference Engine and Analytical Engine (programmable- 19 th c), Ada Lovelace

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History of Computers, Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality

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  1. History of Computers, Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality

  2. Brief History of Computers • Abacus, adding machine with gears (Pascal-17th c), Leibniz (early 18th c), Jacquard (loom, early 19th c) • Babbage’s Difference Engine and Analytical Engine (programmable- 19th c), Ada Lovelace • Boole’s system of logic (1854) • Hollerith (1890 census – punchcards in 1928-IBM) • Turing – On Computable Numbers (1937) • World War II Colossus – all electronic- vacuum tubes • Aiken’s Mark I (1944 – mechanical relays) • Atanasoff-Berry vacuum tubes (early 1940’s) • Mauchly-Eckert ENIAC • Von Neumann – stored program (late 1945) • Hopper – first computer bug

  3. Brief History of computers (con’t) • IBM 650 – first mass produced computer – 500K RAM (1953) • Texas Instruments- silicon transistors (1954) • McCarthy and Minsky AI (1956) • DEC PDP- first minicomputer - monitor and screen (1960) • First video game (1962) • ARPANET (adv res proj agency – 1962) • Engelbart’s mouse (1964) • Integrated circuits (chips) in computers - Burroughs(1968)- invented in 1958 • Brooks: kinesthetic interaction between protein molecules (1967) • Bell Labs: UNIX (1970) • Floppy disks (1970) • Intel 4004- computer on a chip (1971)

  4. Brief History of computers (con’t) • First PC – Altair in a kit (1975) • Jobs and Wozniak- Apple I – Apple Computer (1976, 1977) • Gates and Allen – Microsoft (1977) • IBM PC (1981) • SGI (1981) • Macintosh computer (1984) • Boom HMD (1987) • Spatialization of sound at NASA- Fisher and Wenzel (1989) • Polhemus position trackers (1988) • Berners-Lee at CERN – World Wide Web (1989) • Linux (1991) • Python (1991)

  5. Brief History of computers (con’t) • Graphical user interface for Web navigation (Mosaic) (1993) • Netscape (1994) • Yahoo founded (1994) • Java, Internet Explorer (1995) • Google founded (1998) • iMac (1998) • i-pod (2001) • Processing computer language (2001) • Gmail (2004) • Facebook (2004) • YouTube (2005) • i-phone (2007) • ipad (2010) • Kinect (2010)

  6. History of Computer Graphics, Animation and Virtual Reality • McCay’s Gertie the Dinosaur (1914 – cartoon with 10,000 drawings) • Disney founded (1923) • Steamboat Willie: sound animated film (1930) • Helig’s Sensorama (1956) • Boeing uses term “computer graphics” (1960) • Head mounted displays (1960, 1961) • First video game (Spacewars – 1961) • Sutherland’s Sketchpad (1963 - MIT doctoral thesis – computer graphics on a monitor- light pen- vision; later The Ultimate Display, HMD ideas) • Macintosh with graphical user interface (GUI) (1984)

  7. Graphics and VR History (con’t) • Furness’ display system for pilots (1966) • SIGGRAPH formed (1969) • Gouraud’s work on shading (1971) • Pong, interactive graphics game (Atari) (1972) • Phong’s work on illumination (1973) • HMD research by Clark (future founder of SGI) (1974) • Sandin and Sayre bend-sensing glove (1977) • Polhemus tracking system (1979) • Furness’ virtual cockpit (1981) • SGI founded, Sun founded (1981)

  8. Graphics and VR History (con’t) • Zimmerman: data glove (1982) • ILM (industrial Light Magic) develops computer graphics images for “genesis effect” sequence in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) • Sonification (sound that represents data) (1982) • Callahan’s see-through HMD (1983) • Jaron Lanier: VPL Research- dataglove- coined term VR (1984) • Young Sherlock Homes movie (1985- first computer animated character) • Beginnings of motion capture (1985) • Who Framed Roger Rabbit mixes actors and computer generated (1985) • Gif and jpeg (1986)

  9. Graphics and VR History (con’t) • Microsoft adds GUI to Windows (1990) • Tactile feedback glove, Sense8 founded, first VR systems (1990) • CAVE at SIGGRAPH (1992) • VR symposium (1993) • Pixar and Disney release Toy Story, first full-length computer animation (1994) • mp3 (1993) • Doom released (1993) • VR Society formed (1994) • Gall bladder removed with aid of HMD (1994) • Graphics cards become popular • Motion capture • Kinect gesture capture

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