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Ancient India

Ancient India. Harappan Civilization Rapid development 3000 B.C.E Harappa and Mohenjo Daro 1. 400 mile separation 2. Architecture and pottery style identical Covered 600,000 square miles Utilized rectangular grid for city layout Advanced sewer system Government

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Ancient India

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  1. Ancient India

  2. Harappan Civilization • Rapid development 3000 B.C.E • Harappa and Mohenjo Daro 1. 400 mile separation 2. Architecture and pottery style identical • Covered 600,000 square miles • Utilized rectangular grid for city layout • Advanced sewer system • Government 1.  No monarchy or theocracy 2. Coalition of land owners and merchants

  3. Strong Agriculture 1.  Wheat, barley, peas 2.  Evidence of cotton mastery • Major trading center 1. Contact with many cultures • Resistant to change • Demise 1500 B.C.E. 1. Weakened government 2. Waves of migrations 3. Climate changes

  4. Aryan Incursion • Nomadic herds people 1. Originated from region between Caspian and Black Seas • Began migration 2nd and 3rd millennium • Great military prowess and mobility 1. major area impacted by migration evidenced by influence of language • Came into Indus Valley at low point of civilization • Moved to Ganges River Valley 1.  Slowly adopted agricultural lifestyle

  5. Caste System • 1.Well developed class system • 2.  Heightened after conquests • 3.  Lighter skin superior • 4.  Class determined occupation, status, hope for salvation • 5.  Brahmins-priestly class • 6.  Kshatriyas-warrior class • 7.  Vaisya-commoners • 8.  Sudras-peasants • 9. Untouchables-slaves, prisoners of war

  6. Culture • 1.Decline from Harappan period • 2. Little interest in the arts • 3. Major impact in music • Slowly began to advance in cultural activities as society advanced

  7. Hinduism • 1. Vedas show first elements of Aryan religious beliefs • 3. Sacrifice and asceticism important concepts • 4. Reincarnation: samsara • Soul is reborn • Objective: Union w/Great World Soul….Brahman • Karma key piece in uniting • Dharma: the law regulating human behavior • Hinduism constructed from these elements • Many gods and goddesses representing forces of nature • Acceptance of caste system

  8. Buddhism • 1.  6th c. B.C.E. • 2.  Siddhartha Gautama • Searching for answers to pain and suffering • 3.  Acceptance of many Hindu concepts • Dharma • Karma • Ahimsa • 4. Nirvana-union w/Great World Soul • 5. Enlightenment through meditation • 6. Rejection of priests and caste system • 7. Rejection of array of gods

  9. Mauryan Empire • 1. Chandragupta Maurya first ruler • 2.  Able to drive out Greeks and develop empire • 3.  Advised by gifted thinker, responsible for Arthasastra-political piece • 4.  Created highly centralized gov’t, almost tyrannical • 5.  Great fear of assassination • 6. Struggled with maintaining control over entire empire

  10. Asoka • 1. First Buddhist ruler • 2. Gained power through fierce conquests • 3. Ideals shifted • 4. Began lifelong quest to spread Buddhist beliefs throughout India and beyond

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