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In Search of Chineseness The Ho Sisters’ Choice. Louella Cheng & Victor Zheng Centre of Asian Studies Hong Kong Institute of Humanities and Social Science The University of Hong Kong. Why Irene Cheng and Florence Yeo?. 1. Definitions of Chineseness 2. Conventions of Womanhood.
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In Search of ChinesenessThe Ho Sisters’ Choice Louella Cheng & Victor Zheng Centre of Asian Studies Hong Kong Institute of Humanities and Social Science The University of Hong Kong
Why Irene Cheng and Florence Yeo? 1. Definitions of Chineseness 2. Conventions of Womanhood
Eurasian-Chinese Compradorial Family 1. Three Parents 1.1 Father: Sir Robert Ho Tung 1862-1957 1.2 Mother: Margaret Mclean 1864-1944 1.3 Mamma: Clara Cheung 1875-1938 2. Bi-cultural Environment
Education for theHo daughters engineered by Clara Ho Tung 1. Principles of education 2. Classical Chinese training 3. Standard English Education 4. Higher Education 5. World-wide Travel
Irene’s Life Path1904 - 2007 1. Loyal to her “Chineseness” 2. Highly Educated 3. Late Marriage & Long Widowhood 4. Distinguished Educator 5. Left Hong Kong in 1967
Florence’s Life Path1915 - 1. Ambivalent Chinese Identity 2. Girl who wants to have fun 3. Quit University for Marriage 4. Husband: Dr. KC Yeo (CBE) 5. Left Hong Kong in 1957 6. ½ Century of Life in England
Florence and Irene:A Comparison 1. Eurasian versus “Pure” Chinese 2. Housewife versus Career Woman 3. Departure Year (1956 vs 1967) 4. Diaspora and Family ties
Questions of Identity 1. “Chineseness” and its discontents 2. Woman for the Modern Era
Future Issues 1. The Eurasian family as a source of personal freedom 2. Personality shapes life paths more than wars or revolutions 3. “Nature” thus more powerful than nurture 4. Going beyond the formulaic
Irene and Tai Shing School 1903 To plan new education system in China 1904 Irene born 1906 Promotion of “National Spirit” in education 1911 The Fall of the Qing Dynasty 1925 Nationalism as politics in education 1928-49 Loyalty to the State/Party in KMT and CCP political strategy 1949+ Patriotic Education in the Mainland and Taiwan 1963 Tai Shing School established
Irene-Florence Comparison 1904Irene born 1911 The fall of the Qing Dynasty 1915 Florence born 1922-5 The Canton Seaman’s Strike in Hong Kong 1942-5 Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong 1949 People Republic of China 1956 Anti-communist Riot in Hong Kong 1957 Florence and KC Yeo left Hong Kong 1966-7 Anti-colonial Riots in Hong Kong 1967 Irene left Hong Kong
Two Versions of Chineseness and beyond… 1. Chinese as a cultural element 2. Against State Violence/Dominance 3. Rejection of Sino-centrism
Femininity as a Critical Approach “Ordinary-ness” says NO to: 1. One “Chineseness” representative of all others 2. One “modern woman image” above all others.
Sir Robert in 1915 Source: Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Sir Robert in 1934 Source:Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Robert, Robert Junior and Son Source: Next Magazine, 14th Dec 2006, p.109
Lady Clara Ho Tung Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Lady Clara Ho Tung Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
The Ho children in 1910 Source: Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The Ho Children in 1907 Source:Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
“The Falls” Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
“The Falls” Source: Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The Pai Lou at “The Falls” Source: Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The Pagoda in “The Falls” Source: Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The Moon Gate at “The Falls” Source: Cheng, Irene. 1976. Clara Ho Tung, a Hong Kong lady: her family and her times. Shatin: Chinese University of Hong Kong
Presented to Queen Mary in 1932 Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Irene on her graduation in 1936 Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Irene, H H Cheng and their daughter Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
“Chinese Utopia” chosen by Irene Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Irene and her successorat Tai Shi School in mid 1960s Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Farewell to Tai Shing School in 1967 Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Florence in 1931 aged 16 Source: Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images.
Florence and her amah in 1956 Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Florence’s three children Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Florence and KC Yeo 1950s Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Florence and husband in 1967 Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Family gathering in 1937 Source: Cheng, Irene (Ho Tung). 1997. Intercultural reminiscences. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Irene, Florence and their families in 1955 Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Jean (HoTung) Gittins visiting Florence in 1980s Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
General Ho Shai Lai visiting Florence in 1984 Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images
Irene visiting Florence in 1982 Source:Yeo, Florence. 1994. My memories. Speldhurst, Kent: Words & Images