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The Future of Standards

The Future of Standards. Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation Chair, IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee. The slides in this work are each separately licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Outline. Standards Learning Technology Standards

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The Future of Standards

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  1. The Future of Standards Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation Chair, IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee The slides in this work are each separately licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License

  2. Outline • Standards • Learning Technology Standards • Technology Changes • Standards Changes • Directions in Standards • Discussion WARNING: THE SURGEON GENERAL HAS DETERMINED THAT STANDARDS HUMOR IS AN OXYMORON The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  3. Interoperability Standards • Help systems talk to each other • Help systems interpret data • Help systems exchange information • Help people exchange information Really its all about plumbing … The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  4. Standards are the infrastructure that works behind the scenes But I wanted pipes for my house! YUK! there’s a leak! Uh oh! These pipes don’t quite fit together! COOL! That one’s made by ACME! WOW! Look at those pipes Are Pipes-R-Us and We-Do-Pipes the same company? PVC? HDPE? LDPE? ERW? The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  5. RESEARCH • Design new systems / create new reality • Solve problems • CONSUMER PROTECTION • Prevent lock-in • Increase quality through choice • BUILD MARKETS • Lower production costs • Modularize the supply chain • New technologies • Vision • Commoditization • Transparency • Shared suppliers • Shared effort Market moves from underservedtooverserved* * Clayton M Christensen & Michael E Raynor, (2003). The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, Mass. Why bother with standards? The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  6. Who is in the game, and why • RESEARCH • Design new systems / create new reality • Solve problems • CONSUMER PROTECTION • Prevent lock-in • Insure against supplier failures • BUILD MARKETS • Lower production costs • Modularize the supply chain • Academics and Researchers • Focused on their own disciplines and needs • Culture of innovation driven by attribution • What really turns them on*: Inventing the future and getting recognized for it. *The opinions expressed here are opinions. The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  7. Who is in the game, and why • RESEARCH • Design new systems / create new reality • Solve problems • CONSUMER PROTECTION • Prevent lock-in • Insure against supplier failures • BUILD MARKETS • Lower production costs • Modularize the supply chain • Government Agencies • Corporate / Academic consumers • Consumers with specific needs • Responsible for purchasing decisions • What really turns them on*: Software that works and saving money. *The opinions expressed here are opinions. The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  8. Who is in the game, and why • RESEARCH • Design new systems / create new reality • Solve problems • CONSUMER PROTECTION • Prevent lock-in • Insure against supplier failures • BUILD MARKETS • Lower production costs • Modularize the supply chain • Technology Vendors (Commercial and not) • Market driven • Competitive • What really turns them on*: Growth (of markets, revenue, profits and footprint) *The opinions expressed here are opinions. The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  9. So what has happened in learning technology? The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  10. Lots of organizations formed DLF (1995) SISO (1994) EICA OKI IEEE LTSC AICC (1988) But few since 2001 CanCore CEN/ISSS WS-LT SIF EdNA (1994) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 ARIADNE ADL JTC1 SC36 ebXML IMS Dublin Core (1995) HR-XML CONSOR- TIUM OASIS MERLOT ALIC W3C (1994) The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  11. GOAL: Standardized learning infrastructure Characterized by Many activities Little implementation Proliferation of organizations GOAL: Learning content interoperability Characterized by Public stewardship Focus on “learning management systems” Adoption & Implementation Consumer Driven 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Goals and drivers evolved Research Driven The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  12. In formal standards bodies working theories were replaced IEEE LTSC Web Site, October 12, 1999 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  13. With Accredited Standards IEEE LTSC Web Site, October 22, 2003 IEEE Approved Learning Technology Standards (as of June, 2005) The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  14. While in specification consortia IMS Global Learning Consortium Web Site, 24 February, 2000 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  15. Specs were released and horizons broadened IMS Global Learning Consortium Web Site, 29 July, 2003 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  16. By 2004 We had a good Portfolio of Interoperability Standards* • Separated content from delivery • Based on early research work • Driven by consumers to avoid lock-in • Driven by vendors to support their supply chain • Specialized to the learning community • Driven by training departments • Driven by educational institutions • Driven by smallish vendors *Standard in the sense of adopted by industry The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  17. Metadata * Part of SCORM 2004 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  18. Learning Content Formats * Part of SCORM 2004 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  19. Data Exchange * Part of SCORM 2004 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  20. Learner Records * Part of SCORM 2004 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  21. Managing Learning * Part of SCORM 2004 The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  22. Adoption (Compiled in 2004) The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  23. But the world of learning systems is changing in some significant ways … The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  24. The Topology is Changing • Client / Server is being replaced by (massively) distributed (increasingly heterogeneous) networks • Institutions are federating • Repositories • Learning Technologies • Identities • Games / Simulations are an influencer The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  25. Service Registry Find: UDDI Publish: UDDI Service User Service Provider Describe: WSDL Access: SOAP Architectures Are Changing • Services from other domains • Componentization challenges product categories • New barriers to entry • Standards re-thought The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  26. Learning Management Learning Content Management Training Transformation Enterprise Learning Technology Human Capital Development Enterprise Content Management E-Knowledge Transformation Enterprise Architecture The Context is Changing Supply Chains Customer Relations Globalization Workflow Learning Learning is becoming an ubiquitous embedded application The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  27. The Technology is Working! And so is the research … The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  28. The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  29. Metadata Structured Metadata Descriptive Metadata Cataloguing Abstract Models Contextual Metadata Meta-search / Federation Ontologies What was the question? Metadata Semantic Web Query Standards Automated Generation Ontology Languages Why isn’t the answer? What is life like in a metadata-rich world? The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  30. LEARNING CONTENT FORMATS S1000D: International specification for technical publicationsutilizing a common source database OpenOffice Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard Darwin Information Typing Architecture MPEG-21 Digital Item Description Language Content Packaging The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  31. Content Packaging Learning Content Tech Pubs & Documentation “Office” Documents Open Office S1000D: Tech Pubs / Common Source Data Base MPEG-21 Digital Item Description Language Multimedia Content E-Content E-Business E-Knowledge E-Learners Metadata Encoding & Transmission Standard Darwin Information Typing Architecture Help Screens (EPSS) Digital Libraries The Copernican Content Revolution The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  32. Future of Content Formats • Learning content as structured content (no more “Black Box SCOs”) • Presentation • Assets • Behaviors • Addressable Locations • Interoperability among content standards • Reference model for Resource Aggregations (IEEE LTSC project) XML The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  33. Business Process Execution Language Data Exchange • Web Services • Middleware • Distributed Control Diagram Courtesy Icodeon The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  34. Sequencing Service Local Content Repository Testing/ Assessment Service SCORM Content Packages Remote Content Repositories Selection Content Management Service Delivery Service Course Administration Service Launch SCORM Content (SCOs & Assets) Tracking Service Learner Profiles Service Browser (Presentation) SCORM Tracking Data SCORM API API Adapter Generalized Learning Management System Model From P. Dodds, A Hoberny & W. Blackmon: Next Generation SCORM The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  35. JISC / DEST E-Learning Framework(http://www.elframework.org/) The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  36. Relationships Among Competencies Competencies People Evidence of Competency Definitions of Competencies & Objectives Learner Information Learning Experiences Learner Records • Another Copernican Revolution • KISS: Keep It Separated, Stupid The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  37. So the focus will be the emergent patterns among heterogeneous applications (Not on learner management)* * IMHO Managing Learning Managing Learning is a No-brainer … Because distributed, service oriented Architectures have no brain The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  38. Different Standards for Different Architectures The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  39. Different Standards for Different Architectures The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  40. Different Standards for Different Architectures The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  41. Different Standards for Different Architectures The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  42. Different Standards for Different Architectures The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  43. Learning profiles of core e-knowledge and e-business standards Small Strategic Semantic Behavioral Service - oriented Universal Adaptable to Regions and Communities Compatible with current learning technology standards Which leaves us producing Standards that are The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  44. And there is a lot of activity … • Cross-community activity • Research maturing into prototypes • Prototypes maturing into products • Products maturing into research • Application of external standards to learning • Lots of new ideas and real examples The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  45. But Don’t Forget Standards are dedicated to the proposition: GREAT FOR ME GOOD ENOUGH FOR EVERYONE > The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

  46. THE END -- DISCUSSION AWAKE? DREAM NO robby@computer.org YES YES PRE- OCCUPIED? QUESTIONS? INTER- ESTED? LEAVE HAPPY NO NO NO YES YES YES THINK DEEP THOUGHTS ASK QUESTIONS PARTICIPATE! The Future of Standards: EDMedia 2005

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