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TIBET FLAG

TIBET FLAG. HISTORIC TIBET MAP. TIBET AT GLANCE. TIBET B efore O ccupation. Tibet In exile.

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TIBET FLAG

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  1. TIBET FLAG

  2. HISTORIC TIBET MAP

  3. TIBET AT GLANCE TIBET BeforeOccupation Tibet In exile • The term TIBET here means the whole of Tibet known as Cholka-Sum (U-Tsang, Kham and Amdo). It includes the present-day Chinese administrative areas of the so-called Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, two Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures and one Tibetan Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, one Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and one Tibetan Autonomous County in Gansu Province and one Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. (China has divided historical Tibet into 8 different parts) • Land Size: 2.5 million square kilometres, which includes U-Tsang, Kham and Amdo provinces. “Tibet Autonomous Region”, consisting of U-Tsang and a small portion of Kham, consists of 1.2 million square kilometres. The bulk of Tibet lies outside the “TAR”. • Political Status: Occupied country and without United Nations’ representation. • Average Altitude: 4,000 metres or 13,000 feet above sea level. • GOVERNMENT:Democratic and popularly elected • ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE: • Judiciary • Legislature • Executive – Under the Kashag, there are sevenDepartments • Department of Religion and Culture - to preserve and promote Tibetan religion and culture among others • Department of Home – 21 agricultural settlements, 11 cluster units, eight agro-industries and four carpet-weaving cooperatives in India. 20 Tibetan settlements and handicraft societies in Nepal and Bhutan. • Department of Education - 73 Tibetan schools excluding the pre-primary sections and private schools in India and Nepal. 24,000 students and 2,200 staff members. • Department of Finance – Raising revenue; prepare, execute and control annual budget of the CTA. • Department of Security – Security of H.H. the Dalai Lama, look afternewlyarrivedTibetanrefugeesfrom Tibet in Nepal and India

  4. ADMINISTRATION: Following China’s occupation, Tibet is divided into the following administrative units: a) Tibet Autonomous Region, b) Qinghai Province, c) Tianzu Tibetan Autonomous County and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province, d) Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Mili Tibetan Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, e) Dechen Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. • POPULATION: 6 million (2.09 million live in the “TAR” and the rest in the Tibetan areas outside the “TAR”. • MAJOR RIVERS:YarlungTsangpo (Brahmaputra in India), Machu (Yellow River in China), Drichu (Yangtse in China), SengeKhabab (Indus in India), Phungchu (Arun in India), GyalmoNgulchu (Salween in Burma) and Zachu (Mekong in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) • MINERAL RESOURCES: about 132 different minerals accounting for a significant share of the entire world’s reserves of gold, chromite, copper, borax and iron. Huge reserve of lithium and rare earth elements in certain parts of Tibet. • NATIVE WILDLIFE: Tibetan antelope, wild yak, wild ass and Tibetan argali, blue sheep, black-necked crane, Tibetan gazelle, giant panda, red panda, golden monkey. • ECONOMY: Agriculture and animal husbandry. f. Department of Information and International Relations • Information division: Journals and Newspapers in Tibetan, English and Chinese; Website in Tibetan, English and Chineselanguages; and Multi media • International relations - Offices of Tibet in 10 countries (New Delhi, India; New York, USA; Geneva, Switzerland; Tokyo, Japan; London, UK; Canberra, Australia; Paris, France; Moscow, Russia; Pretoria, South Africa; and Taipei, Taiwan. ); Tibet Support Groups Desk - over 300 supporters around the world; Environment and Development Desk – To monitor and research on environment and development inside Tibet; China Desk - Disseminate Tibet related information to the Chinese people; UN, EU and Human Rights Desk - Monitoring , reporting & disseminating human rights situation in Tibet; • Department of Health- 7 hospitals, 4 Primary Health Centers and 43 clinics located in all the refugee settlements in India and Nepal with 174 medical staff and 68 administrative staff. • Education: Total school enrolment is 85 to 90 percent ; effective literacy rate of Tibetans in India, Nepal and Bhutan is 82.4% as of 2009 • POPULATION: Approximately 1,28,014 [Approximate world-wide distribution: India 94,203; Nepal 13,514; Bhutan 1,298; and rest of the world 18,999 (Demographic Survey of Tibetans in Exile 2009, by Planning Commission of Central Tibetan Administration, 2010) • ECONOMY: Agriculture and business

  5. UN on Tibet • United Nations G.A. Resolution 1353 (XIV) on Tibet (1959) • United Nations G.A. Resolution 1514 (XV) on Independence for Colonized Peoples (1960) • United Nations G.A. Resolution 1723 (XVI) on Tibet (1961) • United Nations G.A. Resolution 2079 (XX) on Tibet (1965)

  6. HumanRights in Tibet Glimpse of China’s Restrictions: (a) TibetanBuddhism • By 1966, 80% of central Tibet’s 2,700 monasteries were destroyed and only 6,900 of 115,600 monks and nuns remained. • Conducting «Patriotic re-education campaign» in monasteries forcing monks and nuns to criticize spiritual leader His Holiness the Dalai Lama • Restrictions on observing religious festival • Interference in selection of Tibetan buddhist reincarnate Lama through introducing new legislation e.g., GedhunChoekyiNyima, XithPanchen Lama • Targeting on respected Lama who engages in preservation and promotion of Tibetan culture and language • Raidingmonasteries and monks’ quater irrespective of invovlement in politicalactivism • Introduction of new law to control & monitor administration of monastic institution • Restriction of movement to receivebuddhistteachings (b) Language Introducing new measuresthateliminates or severelyrestrict use of Tibetan as the language of instruction in Tibetan areas such as the replacement of Tibetan by Chinese as the medium of education (announced in Qinghai in 2010) and the replacement o textbooks writtenin Tibetan by Chinese textbooks —as was seeninRebkong in March 2012. Nearlydozenprivatelyestablishedschools by Tibetanindividualswereclosed for providingeducation on Tibetanlanguage, culture, history and religion (c) Culture Since 2006, over two million Tibetans have already been forcibly rehoused and relocated in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) and 300,000 nomads in Qinghai province have been forced to leave the grasslands of the Tibetan plateau. The Chinese authorities intend to continue the programme, with a further 900,000 Tibetans to be resettled in the TAR by the end of 2014 and 113,000 nomads in Qinhai province.

  7. Self-immolation as form of protest • SinceFeb 2009: 121 (102 Male and 19 Female), (2009: 1; 2011:12; 2012: 85; and 2013: 23) • No of Tibetans died:  104 • Majority of them have called for return of their spiritual leader H.H. the Dalai Lama and freedom for Tibet. However, some have demanded « independence » • Chineseauthority have been projecting self-immolation as « homicide » and severelypunishedimmolator’s relative and friends • Several western governments and the UN High Commissioner for HumanRightshadrecognisedTibetan self-immolation as « desperate » form of protest and therefore, an act of exercisingone’s right to freedom of expression and assembly in their public statement • Instead of addressing deep rooted causes, Chinese officials as usual employing tactics of intimidation, cash reward and punitive actions

  8. OPPORTUNITIES 1.United Nations HumanRights Council – • 3 regular sessions in a year • UniversalPeriodicReview (Peer review) - once in four year • Writtenstatement • Oral statement • Sideevent • Pressconference 2. Office of the UN High Commissioner for HumanRights- • Report on humanrights abuses wiithevidence • Recommendations for consideration • Regular briefing • Maintain close contact and follow up with the concernedofficials • Intervention through public statement • Monitoring reports and activities 3. UN SpecialProcedure Mandate holders – • Report on humanrights abuses withevidence • Monitor its communications, reports & public statement • Monitor China’simplementation to recommendations • Regular briefing • Maintain close contact withRapportuers and their assistants

  9. 4. UN Treaty Bodies: • Report humanrights abuses • Submitshadow report beforereview of State’s report • Briefing experts • Recommendations for consideration • Monitor and follow up on recommendations and itsimplementation 5. Government Missions – • Provide information on humanrights abuses • Recommendations for consideration • Updating reports/communicatons/statementsissued by the UN relatedmechanisms • Regular briefing • Maintain close contact 6. International NGOssuch as HumanRights Watch, Amnesty International etc. • Providelastesthumanrights abuses • Recommendations for consideration • Regular briefing • Maintain close contact

  10. CHALLENGES Internal factors: • Shortage of financial resources to engage/employ sufficient staff • Lack of human resource • High risk for informant inside Tibet • Dearth of information External factors: • Difficulty in meeting with diplomats especially African, Middle east and Asian Countries except Japan & South Korea • Information gathering - heavy restriction on internet, phone and media in Tibet • China’s huge economic power and political influence • United Nations ishighlypoliticised institution • Global political situation • Media more interest on voilencethanpeacefulactivism • China – Permanent member of UN Security Council

  11. THANK YOU

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