Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto INFORMÁTICA DE TRADUÇÃO FALL SEMESTER 2010

1. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto INFORMÁTICA DE TRADUÇÃO FALL SEMESTER 2010 Tue. 19:30-21:30 - Wed.17.30-19.30 Room 204 12 October 2010 (Lesson 5) Teacher: Elena Zagar Galvão elenazagar@gmail.com Webpage: web.letras.up.pt/egalvao FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

2. References used: Lagoudaki, Elina (2006). Translation Memory Systems: Enlightening Users’ Perspectives. London: Imperial College. http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/pls/portallive/docs/1/7307707.PDF Horsefrog – Online Translation School http://www.horsefrog.com/japanese-translator-patent/mod/resource/view.php?id=265 García, Ignacio (2006). “Translators on translation memories: a blessing or a curse?” in Anthony Pym et al. Translation Technology and its Teaching, Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

3. Furtherreading eCoLoTrain TM Courses http://ecolotrain.uni-saarland.de/index.php?id=1183&L=1 (available in EN, ES, FR, DE) Somers, Harold (ed.) (2003). Computers and Translation. A Translator's Guide. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

4. 1990 The first commercial Translation Memory tools are made available to translation professionals. Main objective: to assist and accelerate the translation process and related activities, thereby improving a translator’s working life. Constant search for “optimal solutions to match the translation industry’s demands”. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

5. 2006 – Imperial College Report Question: identify your area of specialisation and the file formats you work with. technical (including medical and scientific) : 61% legal content: 9% marketing material: 8% financial content: 4% literature: 3% other specialisations (e.g., history, social sciences, business and administration) or no specialisation at all: 15% (see Fig. 6 in the Report) FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

6. Most commonly used file formats 1. Word, Excel, PowerPoint and rich/plain text files: 96% 2. PDF files: 43% “XML and HTML files accounted for 26%, hardcopy documents for 19%, DTP files (including FrameMaker, Illustrator, InDesign, QuarkXPress, PageMaker, etc.) for 12%, and various other file formats such as Java properties files, MS Windows resource files, audiovisual files and TM proprietary file formats accounted for 7% (see Figure 7 in the report).” FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

7. TM usagerate % of individuals using TM systems: 82.5% % who did not use any TM systems at all: 17.5% FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

8. Company owners are slightly more likely to use TM systems, followed by company employees and then freelancers. (cf. 2004 LISA Translation Memory Survey) Company owners were the first to adopt TM technology, so they are more open to TM use than any other group as they know the advantages of TM systems in terms of being cost savings and productivity gains. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

9. TM users (76%): translators (they were the largest group of professionals in this survey: 90%) PMs - project managers (8%), reviewers (6%), other translation professionals (5%), terminologists (4%) subtitlers (2%) interpreters (1%). FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

10. The high TM usage rate (82.5%) in this survey is due to 2 characteristics of the sample unit. Firstly, the majority of respondents specialise in technical texts and there is a strong correlation between the particular text type and the use of TM systems. This is because technical content normally contains a great amount of terminology, standard expressions, simple sentence structure and a high degree of internal repetition; therefore, the possibilities for content re-use are many. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

11. The survey confirmed that those who specialise in technical texts are more likely to use TM tools, followed by those who specialise in financial and marketing content. Those who reported legal specialisation are also likely to use TM tools, but less than the previous groups. TM usage rate drops for those who translate general texts (or have no specialisation) and for those who translate literature. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

12. Secondly, respondents have a high level of computer usage competence and this normally encourages the adoption of TM technology. The more skilled the translation professionals are in the use of computers, the more likely they are to use a TM system. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

13. Additional findings • There is a relationship between high levels of repetition and high TM use, i.e., TM use rate declines as the repetition levels decrease. • No significant evidence of correlation between age and TM use. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

14. Popular TM systems • TRADOS 76% • Déjà Vu 61% • Wordfast 51% • SDL Trados 2006 49% • SDLX 36% • STAR Transit 25% • MultiTrans 18% • PASSOLO 11% • Omega-T 10% FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

15. Why did respondents decide to use TMs? • 71% - out of a personal choice • 20% - because they were imposed by the company they work for (or partner with) 9% - because it was their client's request Company owners decide the use of TM systems on a voluntary basis, whereas the majority of company employees are forced to startusing a TM either by their company or their clients. For freelancers, on the other hand, the decision seems to lie more in the assessment of personal circumstances, rather than in external requirements (but the two could coincide/influnce one another) FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

16. Most common reasons for not using a TM tool for all content • hardcopy documents 38% • the file format is not supported 28% • too complicated for short texts 18% • low repetition rate 18% • not suitable for my text types 15% • complex layout 5% • lack of training/inexperience 3% • use of other tools 2% FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

17. Overview (based on http://www.horsefrog.com/japanese-translator-patent/mod/resource/view.php?id=265) • Why study about CAT tools? • What is a CAT tool? • What does a CAT tool do? • Advantages • Disadvantages • SDLX • SDL-TRADOS • SDL Analyse FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

18. Why study about CAT tools? Because CAT tools can: • have to be used by necessity due to a request by a client; • improve translation consistency and quality. • enable reuse of translations done in the past. • improve translators’ productivity and thus increase income. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

19. What is a CAT tool?(Introduction provided by Hermann Bruns) CAT stands for "Computer Aided Translation Tool". The terms "Translation Memory" and "TM" are sometimes used to refer to the same type of tool. A CAT tool is a computer program that helps a translator to work more efficiently, i.e, work faster, more productively and with a higher degree of consistency. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

20. This is achieved through three main functions: 1. A CAT tool breaks texts into segments (sentences or sentence fragments) and presents the segments in a convenient way, to make translating easier and faster. In some tools, for example MetaTexis or Trados Translator’s Workbench, each segment is presented in a special box, and the translation can be entered in another box right below the source text. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

21. 2. The translation of each segment is saved together with the source text. Source text and translation will always be treated and presented as translation units (TU). You can return to a segment at any time to check the translation. There are special functions which help to navigate through the text and to find segments which need to be translated or revised (quality control). FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

22. 3. A CAT tool saves the translation units in a database, called translation memory (TM), so that they can be re-used for any other text, or even in the same text. Through special "fuzzy search" features the search functions of CAT tools can also find segments which do not match 100%. This saves time and effort and helps the translator to use consistent terminology Besides these main functions many other functions may be included in CAT tools, to make translating easier and increase productivity. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

23. Main difference between CAT tools Some translation memory programs function as stand alone environments, while others function as an add-on or macro to commercially available word-processing or other business software programs. (Wikipedia – Cat tools entry) FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

24. In other words Some TM tools work as add-ins (through macros) to Microsoft Word. Examples of these are: Trados, Wordfast, MultiTrans, Logoport, Metatexis, and Fusion. (main supported file formats of interest to us: .doc, .rtf; .txt, .ppt, .html) FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

25. TRADOS Translator’s Workbench FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

26. MetaTexis FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

27. Wordfast FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

28. Wordfastcommands FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

29. Other TM tools provide their own translation processing environment, usually in a tabular way. Examples of these are: SDLX DéjàVu http://www.atril.com/en/home.aspx MemoQ http://download.cnet.com/MemoQ/3000-2079_4-10555573.html STAR Transit http://www.star-ts.com/downloads-translator-tools-transit-nxt.shtml Heartsome Across http://www.across.net/en/index.aspx FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

30. MemoQ (free 45-day trial) http://download.cnet.com/MemoQ/3000-2079_4-10555573.html FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

31. SDL Edit FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

32. SDL Trados Studio 2009 All your tools in one place - editing, reviewing, terminology and project management tools all in one clean, tag-free environment FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

33. The choice of one design over the other is usually a matter of the user’s preference . . . . . . but also of imposition by clients. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

34. Concordance Most CAT tools also have what is known as a "concordance” function. This is one of the most useful functions of a CAT tool. When a segment of text within, for example, a sentence is selected and the concordance function run, a list of identical or similar matches will be displayed to the user if such matches exist in the translation memory. This is extremely useful in checking terminology consistency because a large number of terms can be checked almost instantly using a single concordance search. This is also useful in checking consistency of phrasing of particular expressions throughout a similar document, or in ensuring that two translations performed separated by a large gap in time (for example, one or two years) are still translated in a similar manner. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

35. Terminology Management CAT tools will also usually include some kind of terminology management interface for handling storage, management and insertion of terminology. This makes it possible to create terminology databases associated with a particular job or jobs. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

36. Advantages • Quality Assurance (Consistency, Term Checking/Management) • Speed • Re-use FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão

37. Disadvantages • the file must be in electronic format. • mistakes repeated (a ‘bad’ translation memory results in bad translations; we might not agree with what is ‘consecrated’ in a client’s memory) • tendency to translate in sentences. • the translation memory may break. FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão