Insights into Quantum Theory and Thermal Conductivity Models

1. Quantum Theory

2. QUANTUM THEORY Quantum theory came in the early 20th century as the theory of relativity to solve problems that classical physics could not explain: Quantum mechanics refers to the importance of quantum in its construction (a physical term used to describe the smallest amount of energy that can be exchanged between particles, and is used to refer to specific energy quantities emitted intermittently, not continuously).

3. There are two types of quantum statistics. Each assumes that the particles are similar to each other and can not be distinguished from each other: 1 - Fermi_Dirac Statistics: This statistic is concerned with particles subject to the Pauli rule for exclusion (or exclusion). For this reason, the particles are described by the inverse waveforms of symmetry. Particles in this type of quantum count are called fermions or Fermi Dirac particles such as electrons And allows one particle to occupy a certain amount).

4. Bose _Einstein Statistics _2 This statistic is concerned with particles that are not subject to or comply with the Pauli rule for exception. Similar waveforms are described. The particles of this type of quantum statistic are called bosons, Boz Einstein's particles such as photons and phonons (undifferentiated particles and their energy are quantified and there is no limit to the number of particles that occupy a given quantum state).

5. Somerfield Thermal Connection Model: The Somerfield model provides an expression of electronic thermal conductivity. Ke The thermal conductivity values ​​of pure metals are a few times higher than those of the rest of the solids except for the diamonds. The conduction electrons usually carry the entire thermal current, so that the contribution of the electrons to the thermal conductivity is dominant at all temperatures except for pure metals and alloys. The vibration of the fuse holds about 50% of the thermal current. The disadvantages of the alloy and foreign atoms in it worry about the periodicity of the electric field that moves the conduction electrons and therefore these electrons are spread from their normal straight paths. The common belief is that the thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to the atomic weight and therefore the light elements are the best conductors of heat

7. Somorfield takes Lorentz's theory and uses the following additions to adjust his theory: • 1_. Use Fermi statistics instead of Maxwell statistics. • 2_. Suppose that the time of relaxation between a collision and the sequence of clouds can be considered as a facton only to the energy of the electron. • 3. Know that at normal temperature most of the electron's energy for free electron gas is less than Fermi's energy several times the quantity (kt). • 4_his depends on Loretz's assumptions for calculating e-transport by the alternative Fermi_dirac function.

9. Experimental temperature of metals: Normal metals at temperatures close to room temperature (Cel and Cclass) do not exceed 1%. This result shows that the total temperature is based mainly on the splicing vibration. On the other hand, according to Sommerfeld's theory, the values ​​of the electronic temperature and its temperature depend on the properties of the electron-specific electron, which is measured in metals. The expression of the total temperature of a metal under a fixed size Cv and at lower temperatures than the Debai temperature and much lower Fermi TF temperature such as the sum of the shares or contributions expected by each of Silverfield Cel and Debai Cli: yT + AT^3 = Cl + Cel = CV

11. Specific heat capacity السعة الحرارية النوعيه