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Chapter 6.3 Contraception & Abortion

Chapter 6.3 Contraception & Abortion. Learning Objectives. By the end of the lesson, you should be able to : discuss the consequences and issues relating to: abortion pre-marital sex

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Chapter 6.3 Contraception & Abortion

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  1. Chapter 6.3 Contraception & Abortion

  2. Learning Objectives • By the end of the lesson, you should be able to: • discuss the consequences and issues relating to: • abortion • pre-marital sex • describe the following methods of birth control: natural, chemical (spermicides), mechanical, hormonal and surgical. • show an awareness of some forms of facilitated reproduction in human beings. • IVF

  3. Chapter Map Issues on Sex • Poor Family Planning • Casual Sex • Abortion • IVF • Temporary • Permanent • Family Planning • Contraception • Facilitated Reproduction

  4. Chapter 6.3.1 Family Planning & Casual Sex

  5. Poor Family Planning and Casual Sex Poor Family Planning Married couples make plans on when they intend to have a baby and how many babies they intend to have eventually. Poor family planning may lead to unwanted pregnancies. Casual Sex Couples who have frequent sexual intercourse may also face unwanted pregnancies.

  6. Consequences of Unwanted Pregnancies Financial cost Psychologically not ready to start a family Career commitments. Individual aspirations or pursuits. Family problems

  7. Consequences of Casual Sex Unwanted Pregnancy Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) HIV & AIDS

  8. Consequences of Abortions Guilt resulting from killing an innocent life Damage to the uterus and Fallopian tubes Public humiliation. Deliberate ending of pregancy. May result infertility Severe cases may result in death due to excessive loss of blood.

  9. Chapter 6.3.2 Contraception

  10. What is Contraception? A process of preventing fertilization or development of the fertilized ovum. Types of contraception used include both temporary and permanent methods.

  11. Birth Control If a couple does not intend to have a baby, they must prevent a sperm from joining with an egg. Methods of Contraception: • Temporary • Permanent • Contraception • Rhythm/Withdrawal/Abstinence • Vasectomy • Ligation Natural Surgical • Condom • IUD • Cap and diaphragm Mechanical Chemical • Spermicide • Contraceptive pills Hormonal

  12. Temporary Contraceptive Methods Fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm is prevented by: 3. Stopping ovulation 1. Stopping the sperms from entering the vagina, uterus or fallopian tubes 2. Killing the sperms pills spermicides condoms cap intra-uterine devices (IUD) contraceptive diaphragms

  13. Temporary Contraceptive Methods Watch advert

  14. Permanent Contraceptive Methods Ligation A permanent contraceptive method which involves the cutting and tying of the Fallopian tubes. This is to prevent eggs from being released into the uterus. • Vasectomy • A permanent contraceptive method which involves the cutting and tying of the sperm ducts. This is to prevent sperms from being released to the penis.

  15. Chapter 6.3.3 Facilitated Reproduction

  16. Fertility Issues • Couples may not able to have children due to various physical conditions: • Ovaries defective • Obstruction of oviducts • Uterus/cervix too weak to sustain pregnancy • Sperm cells may be dysfunctional • Man unable to sustain an erection for penetration • Woman suffering from diabetes or high blood pressure resulting in difficulty to conceive

  17. Methods of Facilitated Reproduction • In-vitro Fertilisation (“Test tube baby”) • In-situ Fertilisation (Artificial Insemination) • Surrogate mother

  18. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Woman given hormonal treatment Ovum fertilized with healthy sperm under microscope in petri dish Sperm and Ova screened for vitality Multiple ovulation stimulated Ova harvested Sperm harvested

  19. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Ovum fertilized with healthy sperm under microscope in petri dish Zygote allowed to divide Introduction of zygote into uterus. Usually 3 zygotes to increase success rates Sperm and Ova screened for vitality Successful implantation and child birth in 40 weeks

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