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Unit 5/6 Sectionalism and Expansion

Unit 5/6 Sectionalism and Expansion. (1841-1861). Tyler Administration. Views and conflicts Maine Boundary Dispute Webster- Ashburton Treaty (1842) Texas Annexation Debate Settlement of Texas (1803-1834) Issues with Mexico and insurrection 1834 General Antonia Lopez de Santa Anna

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Unit 5/6 Sectionalism and Expansion

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  1. Unit 5/6 Sectionalism and Expansion (1841-1861)

  2. Tyler Administration • Views and conflicts • Maine Boundary Dispute • Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) Texas Annexation Debate Settlement of Texas (1803-1834) Issues with Mexico and insurrection 1834 General Antonia Lopez de Santa Anna Sam Houston – Revolution and Independent Texas (Oct 1835-April 1836) Battle of San Antonio – Alamo Goliad campaign • Battle of San Jacinto Sam Houston and U.S. Congress Annexation Debate Texas enters the Union ( Dec. 29, 1845)

  3. Oregon Controversy • Oregon settlement (1830s -40s) “FEVER” • Negotiations with Britain • Sec. of State Calhoun proposal • Issues/problems

  4. Election of 1844

  5. Polk’s Presidency • James K. Polk background and views • Domestic Achievements • Walker Tariff 1846 • Independent Treasury • Internal improvement Bill disputes • Manifest Destiny • Oregon Treaty • 54 40 or Fight!

  6. Westward Trails

  7. Further Westward Expansion • Settlement of New Mexico • Mormon Church • Brigham Young and State of Deseret • Settlement of California Mexican War (1846-1848) • Reasons for and events leading to • Conduct of the war • New Mexico and California • Mexico and Peace Settlement; Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo • Legacy • Election 1848 – Taylor vs. Cass

  8. It is now established that the President of the United States has but to declare that War exists, . . . And the War is essentially declared.” JQ Adams

  9. Election of 1848

  10. Debate over the Territories • Sectional Controversy • Wilmot Proviso • Fugitive Slave Acts • Personal Liberty Laws • Prigg vs. Pa. (1842) • Northern Anger increases • California Gold Rush (1848-1849) • Debate over California • Clay’s Omnibus Bill • Compromise 1850 – Clay, Calhoun, Webster • President Taylor’s reaction and shocking event • President Fillmore

  11. Nation Dividing • Slavery vs. Free Labor • Southern Fears and major concerns • Northern views • Slave Power Conspiracy • Fugitive Slave Law • Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Election 1852 • Democrats party shifts • Franklin Pierce Whigs – divisions – Gen. Winfield Scott – fall of Whigs Northern anger over the election

  12. Election 1852

  13. Pierce’s Presidency • Efforts to acquire Cuba • Ostend Manifesto (1854) • Central America • Nicaraguan Canal issues • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty • Panama Railway Co. • Vanderbilt and William Walker • Gadsden Purchase (1853) • Domestic Conflict • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) and Sen. Stephen Douglas

  14. Pierce’s Presidency • Settlement of Kansas • Free-soilers vs. pro-slavers – battleground • Territorial Election and Scandal • Andrew Reeder vs. President Pierce • TWO governments • Bleeding Kansas • Henry Ward Beecher and John Brown • Pottawtomie Creek • Brooks-Sumner Affair (May 19/20 1854)

  15. Political Realignments • Know-Nothing Party • Rise of NEW Republican Party (1854) • Election of 1856 • Divisions in Democrats; Republicans emerge; Know-Nothings • Buchanan’s Presidency (1857-1861) • Dred Scott Decision – Scott vs. Sanford • Crisis Over Kansas • Lecompton Constitution • Buchanan’s reaction • Compromise or Blackmail – Kansas reacts

  16. 1857-1859-- years of turmoil • The Panic of 1857 • Congressional Elections 1858 • Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Views of Douglas – Freeport Doctrine and issues • Lincoln’s vies • Raid on Harper’s Ferry (October 16, 1859) • John Brown’s Help and assistance • Raid and aftermath • “John Brown’s Body” -- martyr

  17. Election of 1860 • Democrats Split • Republicans Rejoice • The campaign • South Secedes • PANIC – attempts to Compromise • Crittenden Compromise • Lincoln’s “kills” it • Showdown at fort Sumter, SC • March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s address • Lincoln vs. South Carolina (April 1861)

  18. A Nation Divided • Lincoln Takes Command • March 4, 1861 – Inaugural Address • Showdown at Fort Sumter (March-April 1861) • Major Anderson message • Lincoln’s message to Confederates • April 12, 1861

  19. Fort Sumter; Charleston Harbor Map

  20. Confederate Government • CSA – Confederate States of America • Confederate Government • Confederation • Strengths and weaknesses of the government • Jefferson Davis and other leaders

  21. A Nation Divided • Lincoln’s Leadership – Union Government • Personality and political know-how • “Rightness of Cause” • Absence of Congress and govern by Executive Order • Broad war powers and Republican Congress • Supreme Court support – Prize Cases • Emergency powers – suspend habeas corpus • Bill of Rights ignored • Ex parte Milligan court case • Growing strength of Republicans and factions • Peace Democrats/Copperheads • Unionists/Federalists

  22. Undecided Border States • Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri • Lincoln’s approach and dealings with each • Delaware • Kentucky • Maryland • Missouri • Virginia Protestors – West Virginia

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