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Enlightened Education and Cultural Shifts in Early America

Explore the evolution of education, culture, and religion in post-Revolutionary America, from the rise of private schools to the Industrial Revolution and the 2nd Great Awakening. Delve into the education of males, the opening of public schools to girls, the development of colleges and law schools, and the literary awakening led by influential writers. Discover the impact of the 2nd Great Awakening on faith movements, including Deism and Unitarianism, as well as the Industrial Revolution's influence on American industry. Journey through the political landscape under Jefferson, the power struggles within the Supreme Court, the Louisiana Purchase, and the infamous Burr-Hamilton duel. Unravel the complexities of foreign policy dynamics during this transformative period in American history.

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Enlightened Education and Cultural Shifts in Early America

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  1. Chapter 7

  2. EDUCATION *Mainly Private *South & Mid Atlantic - Mainly Religious *New England to New York Aristocratic Secular *MALES ONLY!!!!!

  3. Since America needs enlightened citizens, leading D-R feel a system of nationwide public schools are necessary-all males receive free education States not convinced

  4. 1789 Massachusetts Public Schools open to GIRLS

  5. HIGHER EDUCATION *Colleges - 22 by 1800 *Begin to expand curriculum *Law schools begin *U of Penn – Medical school Benjamin Rush

  6. Rising American Culture By turn of the century there is an American culture developing

  7. Noah Webster -American Spelling Book -American Dictionary

  8. American writers begin to break away from European influences and find a unique style.

  9. WRITERS Washington Irving

  10. Mercy Otis Warren

  11. Parson Mason Weems

  12. Joel Barlow Hartford Wits

  13. 2nd Great Awakening Causes *Deism *Unitarianism *Churches lose power after Revolutionary War

  14. *Methodists come to America 1770’s – Francis Asbury *Baptist Church *Outdoor “Camp Meetings”

  15. Big debate – Predestination Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians reject it much more American – individual freedom

  16. Basic Message *Readmit God into daily life *Embrace Piety *Reject Skeptical Rationalism

  17. BIG SUPPORTERS *Woman *Native Americans *Blacks

  18. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  19. Industrial Revolution begins in England Machines run by water & wind until steam engine perfected Allows factories to be anywhere

  20. 1st industry – textiles Technology brought over from England

  21. Starts in textile industry Samuel Slater bring knowledge of British equipment Helps set up first textile mill-hires entire families Rhode Island System

  22. Eli Whitney *Cotton Gin *Interchangeable parts

  23. How to get the goods to market? Domestic-turnpike steamship Foreign-merchant marine fleet

  24. Thomas Jefferson TJeffy Jeff Daddy

  25. Jefferson personally: • Politician • Diplomat • Farmer • Architect • Inventor • Philosopher • Collected books and dinosaur bones

  26. Jefferson politically: • Strict constitutionalist • Small government • States rights

  27. Presidential Actions *Abolishes all internal taxes *Cuts government spending *Reduces debt $83 to $45m *Cuts Army 4000 to 2500 *Cuts Navy 25 to 7 ships

  28. Chief Justice John Marshall 1801-1835

  29. Served on Washington’s staff Saw how states refused GW’s requests for supplies Feels states too powerful

  30. First Great Case of the Supreme Court *Chief Justice John Marshall *MARBURY v. MADISON Judicial Review

  31. T JEFF STRIKES BACK *Gets Congress to try to Impeach Samuel Chase *Can you be impeached for political reasons?

  32. Louisiana Purchase

  33. France gets title of Louisiana from Spain in secret treaty Spain won’t allow US ships to unload in New Orleans

  34. *Robert Livingston *Monroe joins him *Goal: buy New Orleans *Get Louisiana - $15 million

  35. Jefferson is strict constitutionalist, how can he justify this move? Good of country will counter ill effects of loose construction

  36. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

  37. Aaron Burr

  38. *Essex Junto: New England Federalists who feel only way to keep power is to leave Union Need New York – need a New York political power

  39. Ask Hamilton, turns the down Look to Burr Hamilton accuses Burr of treason

  40. *duels Hamilton July 11, 1804

  41. *Burr plots with Governor of Louisiana to capture part of Mexico from Spain *Governor Wilkinson squeals to the authorities Burr did it!!!

  42. *arrested for treason *tried in Circuit Court *Justice Marshall *limits evidence *sets strict definition

  43. ROAD TO WAR

  44. POLITICS OF FOREIGN POLICY Federalists: pro-England D-R: pro-France

  45. FranceContinental System can’t stop in England

  46. ENGLAND Must stop in England

  47. England stopping American ships and taking sailors off Said they were deserters IMPRESSMENT

  48. *Impressment - USS Chesapeake fired on, 4 taken off

  49. EMBARGO ACT –1807 Prohibits US ships from any foreign ports

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