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Chapter 24 Older Adults: Aging in Place

Explore the growth of older adults living independently in the U.S., health status, and common misconceptions. Learn about healthy habits, support, and needs of older adults, including primary prevention, nutrition, and psychosocial care. Discover approaches to geriatric care and effective health services criteria. Find out about various elder care options, from skilled nursing facilities to continuing care retirement communities. Dive into the goal of maintaining functional independence and accessing quality care for healthy aging. Stay informed with internet resources for elderly services.

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Chapter 24 Older Adults: Aging in Place

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  1. Chapter 24Older Adults: Aging in Place

  2. Health Status of Older Adults • Growth in number and proportion of older adults living in the U.S.; projected to reach almost 20% of population by 2030 • Increased demands on public health system, medical and social services, and health care delivery • Chronic disease contributes to disability, diminished quality of life, and increased health care costs • Globally: • Number of adults over age 65 is expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2050 • Those over age 80 years are growing faster than any other group

  3. Health Status of Older Adults (cont.) • Nationally: • Increased life expectancy (females > males) • Older adults are healthier than ever before • Hearty elderly • Young-old (65-75 yrs) • Old-old (75-85 yrs) • Oldest old (85-100 yrs); approximately 40% • Elite-old (centenarians) • Frail elderly (over age 85 yrs and need assistance with ADLs)

  4. Ageism: Common Misconceptions About Older Adults • Cannot live independently • Chronologic age determines oldness • Most have diminished intellectual capacity or senility • All are content and serene • Cannot be productive • Are resistant to change • No Social Security on retirement

  5. Question Is the following statement true or false? • Males have a longer life expectancy than females do.

  6. Answer • False • Life expectancy has increased, with females having a longer life expectancy than males.

  7. Characteristics of Healthy Older Adults • Lifetime of healthy habits • Strong social support system • Positive emotional outlook • Affected by personality traits, life experiences, current physical health, and current societal supports

  8. Health Needs of Older Adults • Primary prevention • Health education; follow-through of sound personal health practices; recommended routine screenings and appropriate immunizations (see Display 24.2) • Nutrition, oral health, exercise, safety needs • Economic security needs • Psychosocial needs: coping with multiple losses, maintaining independence, social interaction, companionship and purpose • Spirituality, advance directives, hospice, palliative care, and preparing for death

  9. Question Is the following statement true or false? • A healthy older adult has a positive emotional outlook.

  10. Answer • True • A healthy older adult is characterized by a lifetime of healthy habits, a strong social support system, and a positive emotional outlook.

  11. Health Needs of Older Adults (cont.) • Secondary prevention • Education on preventive measures and positive health behaviors (routine screenings; see Table 24.1) • Tertiary prevention • Follow-up and rehabilitation • Health issues: Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, cancer, depression, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis

  12. Approaches to Older Adult Care • Geriatrics: medical specialty dealing with health and social care of elderly • Gerontology: study of all aspect of aging process (economic, social, clinical, and psychological factors) and effects on older adult and society • Case management and needs assessment: assessing needs, planning and organizing services, and monitoring response to care throughout length of caregiving process, condition, or illness

  13. Criteria for Effective Health Services • Must be comprehensive • Adequate financial support • Adult day care programs • Access to high-quality health care services • Health education (including preparation for retirement) • In-home services • Recreation and activity programs • Specialized transportation services

  14. Criteria For Effective Health Services (cont.) • Coordination • Accessibility • Promotion of quality programs

  15. Services for Healthy Older Adults • Goal: Maintaining functional independence • Living arrangements and care options • Day care and home care services • Arrangements based on level of care • Skilled nursing facilities • Long-term care services • Intermediate care; assisted living • Personal care homes • Continuing care retirement communities • Respite care services

  16. Question Which of the following reflects the goal of service programs for healthy older adults? • Provision of necessary care • Comprehensiveness of services • Maintenance of functional independence • Ensured access to care

  17. Answer c. Maintenance of functional independence • The goal of services for healthy older adults focuses on maintaining the adults’ functional independence. Comprehensiveness and accessibility are criteria for effective service delivery. Provision of care reflects the activity of a service.

  18. CHN in an Aging America • Case management for resources and referrals • Development of creative living arrangements and services • Encouragement of healthy lifestyle changes to avoid disease and disability • Education about immunizations and safety measures, including fall prevention

  19. Internet Resources • Administration on Aging: http://www.aoa.dhhs.gov • American Association of Retired Persons: http://www.aarp.org • Generations United: http://www.gu.org • Gerontological Society of America: http://www.geron.org • National Institute on Aging: http://www.nih.gov/nia • The Geezer Brigade: http://www.thegeezerbrigade.com

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