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Storied Self in Another Language A Collocational Approach to Interlanguage Identity

Storied Self in Another Language A Collocational Approach to Interlanguage Identity. 英语专业学生英语口头叙事中的自我形象 —— 词语搭配研究视角. Xu Jiajin Beijing Foreign Studies University. Major points. Using collocation to represent discursive identity. Identity as a theoretical construct Discursive identity

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Storied Self in Another Language A Collocational Approach to Interlanguage Identity

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  1. Storied Self in Another Language A Collocational Approach to Interlanguage Identity 英语专业学生英语口头叙事中的自我形象 ——词语搭配研究视角 Xu Jiajin Beijing Foreign Studies University

  2. Major points Using collocation to represent discursive identity • Identity as a theoretical construct • Discursive identity • Corpus method • Collocation profiled identity • Concgram + keywords approach • Case analysis: storied self in another language • Identity as a theoretical construct • Discursive identity • Corpus method • Collocation profiled identity • Concgram + keywords approach • Case analysis: storied self in another language Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  3. Major points 1 • Identity as a theoretical construct • Discursive identity • Corpus method • Collocation profiled identity • Concgram + keywords approach • Case analysis: storied self in another language 2 3 4 5 Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  4. Identity as a theoretical construct • Who am I? • Who is s/he/it? • Who are they? • Self other Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  5. Identity as a theoretical construct • Social constructionist perspective to identity de Fina, Schiffrin & Bamberg (2006: 2) • Identity is a process that • (1) takes places in specific interactional occasions • (2) yields multiple identities instead of individual constructs • (3) does not simply originate from the individual, but results fromprocesses of negotiation that are basically social, and • (4) entails “discursive work” Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  6. Major points • Identity as a theoretical construct • Discursive identity • Corpus method • Collocation profiled identity • Concgram + keyword approach • Case: storied self in another language Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  7. Discursive identity 不知言无以知人也 话语中的人等于现实中的人吗？ D.I. = I.D.? 话语中的人是现实中的人在文本世界的显影（profiling + re-presentation + approximation） 人如其文、文如其人

  8. Language, Identity: Ancient city metaphor • How is language/identity shaped or constructed? • Our language can be seen as an ancient city: a maze of little streets and squares, of old and new houses, and of houses with additions from various periods; and this surrounded by a multitude of new boroughs with straight regular streets and uniform houses. –Ludwig Wittgenstein • Cited in M. Tomasello. 2003. Constructing a Language: A Usage-based Theory of Language Acquisition. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. P. 94. • ontogenetic（个体发生），phylogenetic（系统发生） Identity Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  9. Interim summary of discursive identity • Discursive Identity is the emergent propert(ies) of the subject. • Emergent properties are what we can describe and capture at a certain time. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  10. Dimensions of analyzing discursive identity • 1st dimension: individual identifiers • 2nd dimension: social network • 3rd dimension: interactional agency • Pulling them all together Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  11. Tripartite identification S. Net S. Net S. Net id id S. Net id id id S. Net S. Net Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  12. Situated identifications S3 S1 S2 Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  13. Methods in identity studies • Multi-case method • Interview, questionnaire, ethnography • Microscope • Telescope • Bird’s-eye view • Corpus method generalizability Less biased Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  14. Major points • Identity as a theoretical construct • Discursive identity • Corpus method • Collocation profiled identity • Concgram + Keywords approach • Case: storied self in another language Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  15. Major points • Identity as a theoretical construct • Discursive identity • Corpus method • Collocation profiled identity • Concgram + Keyword approach • Case: storied self in another language Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  16. Collocation in everyday life • Identity, identifiers, anchors =sth that we’re sure about • 例1：玉□饭店 • 玉 鱼头泡饼 大鸭梨 • 玉食饭店 Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  17. Multiple dimensions of collocates • Cosmos: Google images • http://images.google.com • From image to the object/subject • Lexical Priming—Michael Hoey Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  18. Collocation in discourse • You shall tell a man by the company he keeps. • 观其友，知其人/物以类聚、人以群分 • You shall know a word by the company it keeps! • 观其友，识其义 Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  19. Defining Collocation • Words in habitual company. Firth (1951/1957) • Continuous lexical phrases, e.g. of course • Discontinuous collocational framework, Phr.V. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  20. Defining Concgram (框合结构) • all of the permutations of constituency and positional variation generated by the association of two or more words. • Most concgrams seem to be non-contiguous, and show both constituency (AB, ACB) and positional (AB, BA) variations. • 帮忙，帮个忙，帮了一个大忙，这个忙你得帮 • corpusconference, conference on corpus, conference focusingon corpus Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  21. Keyword in context (KWIC) Collocation in identity space ConcGram Skipgram Ngram Node Collo. Collo. Collo. Text Socio-cultural context Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  22. Storied Self in Another Language: A Collocational Approach to Interlanguage Identity • RQ: What is a Chinese English major student like as they were created in their own stories? • Who is 施惟可? • Self-created collective identity Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  23. Data and method Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  24. Data • Data from Task II of SECCL 1.0 (337,810 words) • Task II: Talking on a given topic • 1996: Tell your university friend one unforgettable event in which one of your best friends in your middle school gave you help when you were in difficulty. • 1997: Suppose a boy who is living next to your house is mischief-maker. He often plays a trick on you, which makes you very annoyed. One day you decided to take some action, which turned out to be very successful. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  25. Data • 1998: Tell your successful and unsuccessful experiences in your part-time job. If you haven’t got any experience yourself, you may tell what you have heard about others’. • 1999: Describe one of your experiences in which you had a burning desire to learning something. • 2000: Describe the most unforgettable birthday party you’ve ever had. • 2001: Describe a teacher of yours whom you find unusual. • 2002: Describe an embarrassing situation in which you got very angry. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  26. Data • Data from Task 2 SECCL 2.0 (210,884 words) • Task 2: Talking on a given topic • 2003: Tell a story that illustrate the need for love. • 2004: Describe one of the most unpleasant dreams you’ve ever had. • 2005: Please tell us one incident in which some one was trying to help others despite danger to his own safety. • 2006: Describe a lesson you’ve learned which has enriched your life experience. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  27. Method • Corpus-driven method 1. Concgramming; 2. Keywords analysis • CG is especially relevant in revealing patterns in spoken discourse with false starts, repetitions, fillers and repairs. • KW as a shortlisting tool to extract candidate lexis for discourse interpretation • CG Extends collos from 2 co-occurring words to more words. Good for content analysis. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  28. Key keywords • A “key key-word” is one which is “key” in more than one of a number of related texts. -Mike Scott • Popular keywords, consistent keywords • SECCL 1.0+2.0 (1854 files) VS • spoken component of BNC sampler • (1 m words) Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  29. 说明 • 这个发言侧重方法和研究视角的讨论。本页之后的结论部分并不完善，甚至不够确切，还需进一步细致分析。特此说明。 许家金 Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  30. Tentative analysis • I father/Me father • I mother/Me mother • I teacher • I classmate/Me classmates • I angry/I beautiful • I cried • I very • I/we examination • My boyfriend Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  31. Tentative generalization • The general identity of English majors is girlish/girly. • Mother, grandmother, mothers, girl, cried/cry/crying, beautiful, colorful, clothes, boyfriend, her, worried?, couldn’t?, afraid?, frightened?, nervous? • Granularity of identification 我是女生 Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  32. Who is 施维可？ • 施维可 is a girl, and a typical girly girl. • She talks more about her father. • I father/Me father • FATHER BOUGHT A FOR ME • FATHER TOLD ME • FATHER GAVE ME • FATHER TO/FOR ME Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  33. I MOTHER/ME MOTHER • GOT A TELEPHONE FROM MY MOTHER • BE A MOTHER • MOTHER AND I Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  34. Limitations • Largely form-based, Lexis-based • Telescopic, bird’s-eye view of discourse • 见林不见木 • What exactly can be claimed? • Text selection • The texts’‘aboutness’ • Textual context and extra-textual context • Time and register dimension, etc. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  35. Some afterthoughts • Methodology • Specialized corpora for specialized research purposes • Learning experience reflective journals • What is possible for me to learn English? Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  36. Bibliography Baker, P. 2005. Public Discourse of Gay Men. London: Routledge. Baker, P. 2006. Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum. Cheng, W., C. Greaves & M. Warren. 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11(4): 411-433. Gabrielatos, C. & P. Baker. 2008. Fleeing, sneaking, flooding: A corpus analysis of discursive constructions of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press 1996-2005. Journal of English Studies 36(1): 5-38. Gerbig, A. & O. Mason (eds.). 2008. Language, People, Numbers: Corpus Linguistics and Society. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Hoey, M. 2005. Lexical Priming: A New Theory of Words and Language. London: Routledge. Hunston, S. 2002. Corpora in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP. Jaworski, A. & N. Coupland (eds.). 2006. The Discourse Reader. London: Routledge. Sotillo, S. & J. Wang-Gempp. 2004. Using corpus linguistics to investigate class, ideology, and discursive practices in online political discussions. In U. Connor & T. Upton (eds.). Applied Corpus Linguistics: A Multidimensional Perspective. 91-122. Stubbs, M. 1994. Grammar, text and ideology: Computer-assisted methods in the linguistics of representation. Applied Linguistics 15(2): 201-223. Stubbs, M. 1996. Text and Corpus Analysis: Computer-assisted Studies of Language and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell. [Ch. 7] Xu, Jiajin. 2009. Chinese Intellectuals (1990-2002): Well-educated underdogs. Presented at New Discourse of Contemporary China, Tianjin. Xu, Jiajin. 2009. Using collocation to profile discursive identity: A case of xiaoshenyang. Talk at PKU. Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  37. Thank you! 许家金 xujiajin@bfsu.edu.cn Learner Corpus Conference, BFSU, 09-12-26

  38. Talking about experience in Another Language: A Collocational Approach Xu Jiajin Beijing Foreign Studies University

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