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Oil Flow in Gasoline Engines

Oil Flow in Gasoline Engines. Christopher Hammond, John Lindsay Smith, Moray Stark , David Waddington Department of Chemistry: University of York Richard Gamble, Martin Priest, Christopher Taylor School of Mechanical Engineering: University of Leeds

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Oil Flow in Gasoline Engines

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  1. Oil Flow in Gasoline Engines Christopher Hammond, John Lindsay Smith, Moray Stark, David Waddington Department of Chemistry: University of York Richard Gamble, Martin Priest, Christopher Taylor School of Mechanical Engineering: University of Leeds Harold Gillespie, Eiji Nagatomi, Ian Taylor Shell Global Solutions (UK)

  2. Introduction Aim To Predict Increase in Piston Friction with Oil Degradation • Chemical Model for Base Fluid Oxidation • Rheological Model for Increase in Viscosity • Tribological Model for Piston Friction In This Talk • Measure Fluid Flow in Piston Ring Pack • Comparison with Tribological Model • Chemical Model using Measured Flow Parameters

  3. Engine Specification Ricardo Hydra • Fuel Injected Gasoline • Single Cylinder • 0.5 litre Capacity • 1500 rpm • 50% Throttle • External Sump (70 ºC) • Camshaft Lubricated Separately Shell XHVI ™ 8.2 • No Additive Package Lubricant Specification

  4. Extraction of Oil from Top Piston Ring 1/8” PTFE Tube Sample Collection

  5. Piston Assembly

  6. Oil Flow in Engine Small Volume Short Residence Time Ring Pack Flow Rate Large Volume Long Residence Time Sump

  7. Ring Pack Residence Time :ringpack 1-e-1 

  8. Ring Pack Residence Time : 60 sec

  9. Ring Pack Residence Time– Previous Work S B Saville, F D Gainey, S D Cupples, M F Fox, D J Picken, SAE Technical Paper, International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Oct 10-13, 1988

  10. Oil Flow and Chemistry in Engine High Temperature Small Volume Short Residence Time Ring Pack Low Temperature Large Volume Long Residence Time Sump

  11. Oxidation Chemistry Hydrocarbon Base Fluid Hydroperoxides Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbonyl Group Ketones CarboxylicAcids

  12. Oxidation in Sump – IR Spectrospcopy

  13. Oxidation in Ring Pack

  14. Oxidation in Ring Pack : Previous Work S B Saville, F D Gainey, S D Cupples, M F Fox, D J Picken, SAE Technical Paper, International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Oct 10-13, 1988

  15. Sump Residence Time and Oil Flow Rates

  16. Characterisation of Ricardo Hydra Engine Ring Pack Residence Time 60 ± 15 seconds Volume of Oil 0.30 ± 0.08 cm3 Temperature 200 °C Flow Rates Into Ring Pack 0.32 ± 0.02 cm3 min-1 Returning to Sump 0.27 ± 0.01 cm3 min-1 Loss From Ring Pack 0.05 cm3 min-1 Sump Residence Time 156 ± 8 hours Volume 3 litres Temperature 70 °C Conditions: 1500 rpm, 50% Throttle

  17. Piston Assembly

  18. Comparison with Tribological Model Ring PackExperiment Theory Residence Time 60 ± 15 10 seconds Volume of Oil 0.30 ± 0.08  0.02 cm3 Flow Rates Into Ring Pack 0.32 ± 0.02  0.17 cm3min-1 Returning to Sump 0.27 ± 0.01  0.12 cm3min-1 Loss From Ring Pack 0.05  0.05 cm3min-1 Sump Residence Time 156 ± 8  300 hours Conditions: 1500 rpm, 50% Throttle

  19. Oxidation Chemistry Hydrocarbon Base Fluid Current Mechanism Hydroperoxides Ketones Hydroxyketones Diketones CarboxylicAcids

  20. Two Reactor Simulation Residence Time Volume Temperature Sump 156 hours 3 litre 70 C Ring Pack 60 sec 0.27 cm3 200 C

  21. Conclusions • Measured Oil Flow in Gasoline Engine • Modelled Fluid Flow in Ring Pack • Modelled Base Fluid Oxidation in Engine

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