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1. Which of the following is a coenzyme associated with cellular respiration? A. NAD+ B. O2 C. FAD D. both A and C ___

2. Since glucose is a high-energy molecule and its metabolites, CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules, the breakdown ofglucose would be described as an _____ reaction. A. exergonic B. endergonic ___

3. NAD+ is _____ when it accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+). A. reduced B. oxidized ___

4. About _____ of the energy in glucose is transformed into ATP. A. 5% B. 40% C. 75% D. 100% ___

5. Which of the following statements correctly describes glycolysis? A. Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. B. glycolysis requires O C. Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate. D. all of the above ___

6. Which of the following is not a product of the complete breakdown of glucose? A. O2 B. CO2 C. ATP D. H2O ___

7. The first phase of glucose metabolism is _____. A. the Krebs cycle B. glycolysis C. the electron transport system D. the transition reaction ___

8. The coenzymes NAD and FAD carry electrons to the _____. A. nucleus B. Krebs cycle C. plasma membrane D. electron transport system ___

9. Since it is universally found in organisms, researchers believe_____ evolved first. A. the electron transport system B. Krebs cycle C. glycolysis ___

10. The inputs of glycolysis include _____. A. glucose B. NAD+ C. ATP D. all of the above ___

11. When a phosphate is transferred from a high-energy molecule containing a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP it's referred to as _____. A. photophosphorylation B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidative phosphorylation ___

12. Glycolysis occurs in the _____. A. cytosol B. matrix C. cristae D. nucleus ___

13. There is/are _____ pyruvate molecule(s) produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis. A. one B. two C. six D. ten ___

14. If oxygen is not available _____ follows glycolysis. A. fermentation B. the transition reaction C. the Krebs cycle D. the electron transport system ___

15. When oxygen is available, pyruvate enters the _____. A. nucleus B. chloroplast C. plasma membrane D. mitochondria ___

16. Each of the two pyruvates produced during glycolysis has _____ carbons. A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 36 ___

17. Which of the following is NOT a product (an output) of glycolysis? A. NADH B. pyruvate C. CO2 D. ATP ___

18. The "after taxes" (net gain) number of ATP produced during glycolysis is _____. A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 32 ___

19. The ATP produced during glycolysis are produced by _____. A. substrate-level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation C. photophosphorylation ___

20. The enzymes of the transition reaction and Krebs cycle are located in the _____. A. cytosol B. matrix C. cristae D. thylakoids ___

21. The __________ connects glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. A. electron transport system B. transition reaction C. cristae D. mitochondrial intermembrane ___

22. When electrons are removed from pyruvate in the transition reaction, they are accepted by _____. A. acetyl Co-A B. FAD C. NAD+ D. ATP ___

23. Acetyl Co-A is formed during the transition reaction by attaching _____ to a two-carbon acetyl group. A. NAD+ B. coenzyme A C. pyruvate D. oxaloacetate ___

24. The first metabolite of the Krebs cycle is __________. A. lactate B. pyruvate C. oxaloacetate D. citrate ___

25. Which of the following is an output of the Krebs cycle? A. CO2 B. ATP C. FADH2 D. all of the above ___

26. Which of the following Krebs cycle products is disposed of by our respiratory system when we exhale? A. CO2 B. ATP C. NADH D. FADH2 ___

27. The electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried there by _____. A. NADH B. FADH2 C. both A and B ___

28. The energy released by the electron transport system produces ATP by _____. A. photophosphorylation B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidative phosphorylation ___

29. The electron transport system is located in the _____. A. stroma B. matrix C. cytosol D. cristae ___

30. When O2 is reduced during the electron transport system, _____ is produced. A. H2O B. CO2 C. ADP D. glucose ___

31. When NADH produced during the transition reaction and Krebs cycle delivers electrons to the electron transport system,_____ ATP is/are produced. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 36 ___

32. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport system is _____. A. FADH2 B. O2 C. coenzyme Q D. cytochrome b ___

33. How many ATP molecules are produced when FADH2 delivers electrons to the electron transport system? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 36 ___

34. Oxygen debt is _____. A. the amount of oxygen needed to get rid of lactate B. the amount of oxygen needed for cellular respiration C. the amount of oxygen needed for glycolysis D. the amount of oxygen the US owes Japan ___

35. Animal cells perform _____ fermentation. A. lactate (lactic acid) B. alcoholic C. both A and B ___

36. The product of alcoholic fermentation that allows us to make bread is _____. A. O2 B. CO2 C. H2O D. lactate ___

37. During fermentation, _____ is regenerated and it returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. A. ATP B. glucose C. NAD+ D. pyruvate ___

38. Athletes' cells _____. A. metabolize more fats for ATP which maintains blood glucose levels B. have the same number of mitochondria as a "couch potato" C. produce large quantities of lactate and H+ D. all of the above ___

39. Metabolites of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle can be converted to _____. A. amino acids B. glycerol C. fatty acids D. all of the above ___

40. Catabolism _____. A. breaks down molecules B. tends to be exergonic C. drives anabolism D. all of the above ___