Test Two Empires of the East

1. Test TwoEmpires of the East World History SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE.

2. ChinaChapter 19 Section 2

3. Essential Question How did the Qing Dynasty bring prosperity upon China?

4. CHINA – and early start… • Define a Dynasty – page 54 • Intro to China – page 52 • Main belief system of China is Confucianism – page 104 • http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/chinese-dynasty-guide.cfm

5. Ming Dynasty • 1600- 200 yrs of rule (culture & expansion – Zheng He) • now weakening - Ineffective rulers, corrupt officials • Gov’t broke

6. Manchus • NE of Great Wall in Manchuria • 1644 - Invade and officially ends Ming Dynasty (260 years) • Followed Mongols lead - Took a Chinese name- Qing (chihng)

7. Resistance • Many resisted the rule of the outsiders • Rebellions occurred - Slowly earn respect • Upheld Confucian beliefs and social structures • Restored prosperity • 2 main rulers of Qing:

8. Kangxi (kahng-shee) • 60 yrs of rule • Reduced gov’t expenses • Lowered taxes • Patron of the arts • Intellectuals got gov’t positions • Jesuits on court- keep up to date

9. Qian-long • Grandson takes China to greatest size and prosperity • Worked on armed nomads • Expanded European presence of merchants and missionaries

11. Qing Dynasty • Looked down on foreigners • 1793- ambassador from England • Offered gifts but fell on deaf ears (Dutch were the only ppl. China would trade with) • Self sufficient • New Culture due to exploration – Didn’t need trade with England and France b/c … • Rice strand- fast growing – SW Asia • Spanish/Portuguese bring maize, sweet potato, peanuts

12. “There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed. We have never set much store on strange or ingenious objects, nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.” -Qian-Long, from a letter to King George III of Great Britain

13. Continued • Foreign trade- ONLY ONE port – Guangzhou (gwahng-joh). • Trade balance in China’s favor • W. Europe needed a product China needed • Found Opium • Leads to Opium War- Standard 14

14. Prosperity • Prosperity can be seen during the Qing Dynasty due to the population boom that occurred between 1650-1900. • What caused this boom? Open to page 540. Population

15. China Review Questions • What evidence shows that the Qing Dynasty was prosperous? • What actions did the Manchus take for the Chinese people to accept foreign rulers? • What was a dynasty? • Why was China able to resist trade with European powers? • What two factors led to the population boom of the Qing Dynasty?

16. It’s in the standards! • SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE. • a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rulers; include how Oda Nobunaga laid the ground work for the subsequent Tokugawa rulers and how Kangxi came to rule for such a long period in China. • b. Analyze the impact of population growth and its impact on the social structure of Japan and China.

17. Assignment • Design a timeline of at least 5 dates, showing how China grew to be prosperous throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Use pages 536-541 for additional dates.

18. Japan

19. EQHow did Oda Nobunaga & Tokugawa change Japan?

20. Japanese Leaders • 1300s, unity breaks down & Shoguns (military leaders) are fight for control over JP • 1467- civil war - feudalism breaks down, territorial lords (daimyo – dye-me-oo) take power • 1467-1568 known as the “Warring States” period – deadly • Daimyo become warrior chieftains and will try to bring peace to JP • Unification not complete until the rise of Tokugawa

22. Oda Nobunaga • Major daimyo • Military conquest- almost all of Japan • Cutting edge military techniques pikes, firearms, ironclad ships, castles • Specialized warrior class w/ position based on ability Also brought changes to the econ. & arts

23. Nobunaga Economics • Understood business & economics • Modernized economy- ag---->manufacturing • Castles center of towns • International trade- expanded to Europe • Namban trade- Barbarian (Philippines, Indonesia) • Abolished/prohibited monopolies • Tax exemptions

24. Arts/Culture • Support increased as wealth did • Used as a display of power and prestige • Gardens and castles were built • Azuchi castle best built in Japan • http://www.jcastle.info/castle/profile/22-Azuchi-Castle • Established tea ceremony under him

25. Tokugawa • Defeated rivals in 1600, gained respect of other daimyo • 3 yrs later became Shogun • Moved capital to Edo- Tokyo • Tamed daimyo by alternate attendance policy • Had to move each year to prevent power build up • Rule of law overcame the rule of the sword • Why important? FIRST TO UNIFY JAPAN AFTER WAR! – Will become a time of peace and isolation for JP

26. Haiku • A haiku is a 5-7-5 syllable, 3-line verse of poetry. This poetry presents images rather than ideas. Haikus emerged in Japan prior to the Tokugawa Shogunate. However, the art became increasingly popular in Japanese culture during the reign of Tokugawa. As the wind does blow Across the trees, I see the Buds blooming in May An old silent pond... A frog jumps into the pond, splash! Silence again.

27. Confucius and His Wise Words • The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions. • It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop. • Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it. • Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. • Better a diamond with a flaw than a pebble without. • A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. • Study the past if you would define the future. • Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. • When anger rises think of the consequences. • What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.

28. Project #1 – Be Creative! • You will write one haiku. You must design a visual to accompany your poem. Remember, haikus are about nature. Write about NATURE! • You will also pick a wise quote from Confucius. You must also design a visual to accompany your quote. Pick one that means something to you and your life.

29. Japan Review Questions • What was the Warring States Period in Japan? • How did Nobunaga lay the groundwork for Tokugawa to unify Japan? • What cultural changes did Nobunaga bring to Japan? • How did Tokugawa ensure that another rebellion or war would break out? • What is a samurai? • What is a daimyo?

30. It’s in the standards! • SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE. • a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rulers; include how Oda Nobunaga laid the ground work for the subsequent Tokugawa rulers and how Kangxi came to rule for such a long period in China.

31. Videos • http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/greatwallofchina/

32. Warm Up • Life under Tokugawa’s rule was very structured much like that of Europe during the Middle Ages. Individually, design a visual of “Japanese Feudalism.” use page 361 for guidance.

33. Ottomans SSWH12 The student will examine the origins and contributions of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. EQ: How did Suleyman bring changes to the Ottoman world?

34. Suleyman • 1520- ruled 46 yrs. • Muslim Empire • Great military leader • Through military expansion he was able to control eastern Med. Sea • Controlled almost all of N. African coasts with his massive navy. -controlled trade routes to interior

35. Suleyman also… • 1526 advanced into Hungary and Austria (central Europe) • Reigned from Istanbul, Turkey • One of the most powerful monarchs on earth at the time

36. Cultural Effects of Suleyman • Law/Government • Unity- crowing achievement • Law code- criminal and civil • Reduced gov’t bureaucracy • a type of organization characterized by a staff of officials working under uniform rules and procedures and a clear structure of command. • Simplified taxes • Religion • Draft of young boys- train, educate, convert • Jannissaries • Freedom worship for Jews and Christians

37. Cultural Effects of Suleyman • Arts- • Studied poetry, history, geo, astronomy, math & architecture • Employed world’s best architect- Sinan (Albania) • Built Mosque of Suleyman • includes 4 schools, library, bath, hospital • Persia and Arabia used as model for artwork

38. Quick Questions…. • Suleyman was the ruler of what empire? • Who called him “the magnificent”? • Give one example of how Suleyman changed the gov’t. • What impact did Suleyman have on architecture? • What is a janissary? • Suleyman’s empire reached three continents! Name them…

39. SAFAVIDS • SSWH11: The student will examine the origins and contributions of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. • E.Q: How did Shah Abbas I reform the government and create a new culture for the Safavid Empire ?

42. Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I • 1587 • Golden age of culture- Ottoman, Persian and Arab • Muslim Empire • Shah made many reforms during his reign

43. Military Reform • Limited military pwr., increased his executive pwr. • Two armies, one loyal to him- Persians • 2nd recruits from the Christian north, similar to Janissaries • Modern weaponry • Needed a strong army for protection…why?

44. Gov’t Reform • Punished corruption • Promotion from competency and loyalty • Euro merchants- religious tolerance, brought in Christian religious orders • Exchange of art, trade and industry

45. Culture • Esfahan – Capital city • Beautiful city (4 ½ miles) • Armenians – Carpets • Chinese – Glazed building tiles • Carpets (Persian Rugs) – Large demand in Western Europe  local art TO national industry • BLENDED CULTURE

47. The Fall of Shah Abbas I • Empire declined after his death • Mainly b/c he followed Ottoman empire • Blinded or killed his best sons • Spoiled grandson took over, assassinated by a soldier

48. Safavid Review • The Safavid Empire was in modern day ___________. • Give one example of how Shah Abbas blended cultures. • List two similarities between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire. • List two ways Shah Abbas reformed the gov’t. • What is one modern day industry that is still lucrative that Shah helped start.

49. Mughal Empire • EQ: How did Babur and Akbar reform the government, culture, and military of the Mughal Empire?

50. Mughal Empire • Located in Northern/Central India • Mughals mean “Mongols” • Prior to the est. of the Mughal Empire, there was conflict between Muslims/Hindus for the land. • Around 1000 C.E. the Muslims won the land • Between 1000-late 1400’s the area was in chaos from destruction of the Mongols (Timur the Lame)