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BLEEDING

BLEEDING. Whitney Creed October 2, 2004. Tonight’s Class Overview. BSI – Body Substance Isolation Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System -Individual Components -Heart Why are we concerned with bleeding? Types of Bleeding -External -Internal

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BLEEDING

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  1. BLEEDING Whitney Creed October 2, 2004

  2. Tonight’s Class Overview • BSI – Body Substance Isolation • Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System -Individual Components -Heart • Why are we concerned with bleeding? • Types of Bleeding -External -Internal • Signs & Symptoms and Treatment • Review Questions

  3. Body Substance Isolation (BSI) Always put on gloves before touching a patient regardless of whether or not you see blood or other bodily fluids! -POOLED BLOOD -DON’T RISK INFECTING YOURSELF OR THE PATIENT -BSI GEAR: GOOGLES, GLOVES, MASKS, GORE-TEX OUTERWEAR YOU MUST VERBALIZE BSI AT THE START OF EACH PRACTICAL!

  4. Human Circulatory System Anatomy and Physiology Heart-A hollow muscular organ which pumps blood throughout the body Arteries-Carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygen-rich blood) Capillaries-Deliver oxygen-rich blood to the individual cells Veins-Returns blood to the heart (usually oxygen-poor blood) Lungs-The organ in which the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) takes place

  5. The Heart • Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium through the venae cavae • As the atrium contracts (lub) the blood is pumped into the right ventricle • When the ventricle contracts (dub) the blood is pumped into the pulmonary arteries which carries the blood to the lungs • The oxygen-rich blood is now returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins • When the left atrium contracts (lub) the oxygen-rich blood is pumped into the left ventricle • When the left ventricle contracts (dub) the blood is pumped into the aorta

  6. BLOOD TERMS Perfusion- The supply of oxygen to and the removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries Hypoperfusion- The inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells and supply them with oxygen and nutrients Hemophilia- The disorder in which a person lacks certain blood clotting factors Question:What 4 organs are most sensitive to hypoperfusion? -The heart, brain, lungs and kidneys

  7. Types of Bleeding • Hemorrhage- bleeding, usually associated with severe bleeding • Epistaxis- nosebleed • Treatment: • BSI- Put on gloves! • Position the patient sitting, leaning forward. • Apply direct pressure, pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils • *DO NOT LEAN YOUR PATIENT BACKWARDS* • Bleeding from nose or ears resulting from a head injury- Due to increased pressure within the skull. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO STOP THIS BLEEDING. • Treatment: • BSI • Maintain C-spine stabilization • 02 and transport

  8. Bleeding continued… Hematoma- A mass of blood in the Contusion- Bruise soft tissue beneath the skin Ecchymosis- The black-and-blue discoloration resulting from a closed wound injury

  9. Why are we concerned with bleeding? SHOCK! Hypovolemic shock- The condition in which the body looses so much blood that perfusion is inadequate. If excessive bleeding goes untreated your patient will die!

  10. EXTERNAL BLEEDING • BSI- Put on gloves! • Direct Pressure • Elevate • Pressure Dressing • IMPORTANT: Never remove saturated dressings! Instead, apply additional dressings on top of the first one. • 5. Pressure Points • Splinting and cold packs • Tourniquet – This is a LAST RESORT! • 8. Transport and monitor for shock

  11. INTERNAL BLEEDING • Signs and symptoms: • -Nausea-Bruising (ecchymosis) -Bleeding from the mouth, rectum or other body orifices -Tender, rigid or distended abdomen -Blood in vomitus- can be bright red or coffee-ground like substance which is partially digested blood (hematemesis) -Blood in the stool (melena) or urine (hematuria -Blood in the lungs, coughed up by the patient (hemoptysis) • * The best indicator of internal bleeding is the MOI * • Treatment: • BSI- Put on gloves! • Transport, administer 02 and monitor for shock

  12. Review Questions: • Why are we concerned about bleeding? • How many chambers does the human heart have? Can you name them? • What is the first step you take in treating an external bleeding patient? • What is the first step you take in treating an internal bleeding patient? • What is hypoperfusion? What does it lead to? • What is the technique is used as a last resort to stop external bleeding? • Name 3 signs or symptoms of internal bleeding.

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