The Age of Limited Warfare: 1700-1789

1. The Age of Limited Warfare:1700-1789 • “Total” versus “limited” war • Changes • Context Louis XIV, master of Limited warfare

2. 0-15% 15-33% 33-50% >50% Total Warfare • Removal of moral and cultural limits • Modern weaponry, bureaucracy, capabilities • Militarization of civilian institutions

3. Change from Total to Limited Warfare • Contexts • Enlightenment • Political centralization • Gunpowder weapons • What is changing?

4. Early Firearms: The Flintlock • Introduced in the 17th century • Could be used in inclement weather • Standard infantry weapon of the 18th century

5. Vauban-style fortress

6. The Rise of Prussia • King Frederick William I (1713-1740) • Recruited obscure noblemen as officers • Recruitment districts (“cantonal system”) • Central national administration • Army from 40K to 83K • King Frederick William II (The Great; 1740-1786) • Strengthened bureaucracy • Army from 83K to 140K • Large treasury surplus

7. Prussian Military Advances • Comprehensive approach to training • Drill, religion, group loyalties, punishment • Officers authorized execution power • Prussians PERFORMED in battle • Standardized drill, 1714 • Cadence introduced, 1740 • Officer schools introduced, 1717 • 3 year study for 13-year-olds • Produced 1/3 of Prussian officers

8. Warfare in the 18th Century • Change to artillery and small arms • Fortifications and naval power • Standing armies of disciplined soldiers led by noblemen • Magazine system England's King George III

9. Louis XIV Vauban Limited War Standing Army Magazine System Total War Seven Years’ War Central Position Frederick the Great Prussia Terms to Know