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Education, Literacy, & Culture in the Colonies

Education, Literacy, & Culture in the Colonies. Language & Literacy. New “American” language words: buffalo, corn, robin, bluebird, groundhog, catfish, bullfrog, eggplant, sleigh, yacht, boss, dollar, pretzel, chowder, prairie New slang words = handy, chunky, fall

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Education, Literacy, & Culture in the Colonies

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  1. Education, Literacy, & Culture in the Colonies

  2. Language & Literacy • New “American” language words: buffalo, corn, robin, bluebird, groundhog, catfish, bullfrog, eggplant, sleigh, yacht, boss, dollar, pretzel, chowder, prairie • New slang words = handy, chunky, fall • Americans wrote promotional books, history, & poetry

  3. Phyllis Wheatley • Brought to Boston as a slave in 1761 • Granted freedom in 1763 • Wrote poems on religious morals and other subjects • Died in childbirth in 1784

  4. Diaries • Samuel Sewall = Boston Merchant wrote diary from 1674 – 1729

  5. Other Books • Almanacs first printed in 1639 • 1700s = only the Bible sold more copies than Almanacs • Indian captivity narratives • Plays

  6. Newspapers & Magazines • 1739 = Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Annapolis, Williamsburg, Charleston, Boston all have at least 1 newspaper • 1776 = 37 newspapers across colonies • 4 pages printed once a week

  7. Medicine • Hippocrates & Galen = 4 humors & 4 elements out of balance caused disease • Doctors self-taught & lacked regulation • No anesthesia • Indians and African remedies • 1760s = 1st medical schools founded in Philadelphia, New York, and New Jersey

  8. Arts & Crafts • Wood engravings • American-made furniture • Patchwork quilts

  9. Education • “Old Field Schools” in the South • Low cost schools in the North • 1640s = New England passes compulsory education laws • Girls limited to “Dame Schools” A Little Pretty Pocketbook, 1787

  10. 1690 – New England Primer A – In Adam’s Fall We Sinned All I – The Idle Fool Is Whipt at School X – Xerxes the Great did Die And So Must You and I He Who Ne’er Learns His A, B, C Forever a Blockhead be; But He Who Learns His Letters Fair Shall have a Coach to take the Air

  11. Classroom Discipline • “Spare the Rod and Spoil the Child” • Corporal punishment, dunce caps, wood in noses, balanced on 1 legged school • “Steal Not This Book For if you do, The Devil will be After You”

  12. Higher Education • 1638 = Harvard founded as a theological seminary • 1700 = 600 student attended, 1/3 of them dropped • Most colleges had less than 100 students • 1600s = Harvard tuition was 4 hogs per year • Scholarships & Work Exchange

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